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>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Good morning, everyone.  I hope that you are all enjoying your time in Mexico in Jalisco state and Zapopan area.  My name is Yolanda Martinez.  I'm the head of the Digital Government on the Ministry of Public Administration, and it is my pleasure today to be with you on this second day of activities of our Internet Governance Forum activities.  Allow me to remind you this is an open dialogue space to share ideas.  Therefore it is important that we all understand what others are trying to share with  us.  That is why I would like to invite you the headsets and interpretation services available for all of you in this session, I so I make a kindly reminder that the translator devices.  Although you have the transcript in English most of the time but I want to make sure everyone can hear and be able to understand all participants' ideas and proposals.
I would like to invite you to actively participate during the session all ideas, concerns and reflections contribute to the generation of innovative solutions.  To other stakeholders and projects to which we can create partnerships that would help us fulfill the access use and fulfillment gap in theout of ICTs and the Internet.  The main session today is devoted on Sustainable Development, Internet and inclusive growth.  We will have three intervention blocks.  One will be addressed to capacity building.  Another one about the inclusion of women and children, and another one on the development of local content.
The access to ICTs has increased considerably in the world.  Regretfully not everybody has the same equal footing in terms of participation.  Yesterday, Secretary-General told us we had to work as a team.  The Internet Community, multiple stakeholders.  We need to make sure that no one is left behind from the benefits of the Information Society, and the knowledge society.  According to the United Nations, 53% of the world's population lacks from Internet access.  This represents 3.9 billion people that are excluded from Internet's benefits.  Approximately one out of 2 people with no access to Internet live in developing  countries.  75% of African inhabitants have no Internet access, according to ITU, and in the area of Europe, we see, as well, a Regional gap.  In Latin America and the Caribbean, 1/3 of the population has no Internet access.  Therefore, we have a very important commitment as a region to work as a team.
The Internet Community, to make sure that we generate innovative ideas to fill these gaps.
The digital divide is a gender gap.  The percentage of Internet penetration is way higher in men compared to women in every world's region, and even more in Africa, with a 23% of difference between Internet access for men and women.
According to global kids online from ITU, out of the total Internet users, one out of 3 is a boy or a girl.  Therefore, we have a major responsibility to make sure that the use that we give to such an important resource like the Internet and ICTs is adequate for the population at large.
The adoption of ICT based services is the key to fulfill the SDGs.  We can do a lot to fill these gaps, and specifically, to make sure that the 2030 agenda is actionable and reachable.  If we use the Internet and ICTs as our best  enablers.  For this session, we're going to have two Moderators, Dr. Youssef, CEO of Ogero Telecom and Robert Pepper from connectivity from Facebook.  I would like to give the floor to Dr. Pepper.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much, Yolanda.  So what we're going to do to try to make this as interactive as possible, in the spirit of the Internet Governance Forum, even with the room structured the way it is, Dr. Youssef and I are going to take turns moderating from the stage, and then for the discussion, one of us will be in the audience to take your questions so that we can really make this interactive.
We've designed this to be not long presentations, but for each of the sections of the Program of the -- each subsection, we're going to have a set of lightning round presentations.  2, 3 minutes or 1.5 minutes.  We've worked with the panelists.  Some are going to present on one or another, and sometimes multiple subsessions.
So with that, let's get started.  And the first session, the first segment, is focusing on inclusion, and as Yolanda said, it's inclusion for women and youth, and there are wide disparities and wide gaps in gender use online, and therefore, a gap in the benefits of having -- being connected to the Internet.
So we're going to start -- actually, Yolanda, you're going to start.  Or did you -- well, okay, so you've already made your initial statement.
So we're then going to -- actually, we're going to start with Lenni Montiel, who's the -- at UNDESA as the Assistant Secretary-General, and so with great pleasure and actually we're here because of all the great work of UNDESA supporting the IGF.  Thank you.  Please.


>> L. MONTIEL:  Welcome, everybody.  It is a great pleasure to join you here this morning.  This is the second day of the meeting.  This is the 11th meeting in which we are all together developing a new way of interacting about such an important issue as the Internet Governance.  Our exchange today can inform the critical ongoing debate how Internet can contribute to inclusive growth and Sustainable Development.  The sessions you're going to participate in are fundamentally important for the implementation of the agenda of 2030.  In fact, I recall participating in last year's main session in Joao Pessoa on the same thing and I applaud the organisers for creating linkages and continuing the multistakeholder debate between annual IGF sessions because that provides the possibility of moving the forward.
Let me say that since last year, we have made positive strides towards fostering an environment in which the Internet is contributing positively to achieving the SDGs.  However, many obstacles still remain, and unfortunately, the digital divide continues to persist.  One of the ambitious targets is to achieve universal and affordable Internet access in LDCs, in Least Developed Countries, by 2020, and in that respect, the question of inclusion of women and youth, local content, and capacity building are essential.
If gaps persist between those who access the Internet's opportunities and those who do not we won't be able to achieve the inclusive growth we're all striving for.  So the widening gap between developed and developing countries needs to be urgently addressed.  We need to think together here at the IGF about how to create an enabling policy environment.  We need to enhance international and Multistakeholder Cooperation to improve accessibility and affordability.  Only empowering young people and marginalized populations we will create an Information Society which truly enables inclusive growth.
The development of skill and engaged young people who can create local online content and services for example is essential.  Let's call on policymakers everywhere to support professional skill development, innovation, and  entrepreneurship.  Digital literacy is needed for all citizens.
We are already more than one year into the implementation period of the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development.  The high level political Forum on Sustainable Development some months ago took stock of our efforts.  The IGF community can play an important role.  You all represent an important respective, representatives from governments, Civil Society, the private sector, the UN system, and many other stakeholders.  All three pillars of Sustainable Development,  economic, social, and environment, need Internet as key catalyst, Internet connectivity and growth can be used to accelerate Economic Development by facilitating e-Commerce.  It can move social development forward by overcoming critical obstacles such as social exclusion.
All of these challenges make our deliberations capacity building efforts and cooperation within the IGF so crucial.  To bring about inclusive growth and driving the digital economy will require a focused effort from all of us.  I wish you a great success with this session.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  So we're now going to jump into the first of our subsessions on inclusion.  And Yolanda, this is where you're going to now do your intervention on inclusion in addition to having welcomed us so please go ahead.  Thank you.

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Thank you very much.  On continuing what we have shared today, I would like to share with you what I use most of my time and my energy to.  This is what I fully convince and dedication, I am responsible of actioning most of the National digital strategy actions, and digitizing Government services as one of the activities that I do vote my time the most.  I believe that ICTs are the tool that we can use to reduce all gaps:  Latin America is on an equal region in the world.  We have many Mexicos, as Madam Lagunes said, but the only way to have a more equitable society and to allocate richness better and to generate more development opportunities for all is by guaranteeing that everyone has an equitable access to Government services.
The example that I chose for this session is Lupita's example.  Lupita is a single model, head of house hold, who was able to have access to a free of charge insurance that the Government grants when -- in the case that she dies and her children will be in a situation where they will be able to continue their studies.  This is part of the social development Ministry projects and it is part of our priorities in the year of digitizing services.  This process is 100% online anywhere in the world, you only need Internet access, you only need an Internet device, and provided Lupita is aware that that is a service available for her and if Lupita knows how to use a computer to enter the contact data and fill the form and send it out and to have the certainty that if she dies the State has a Program to guarantee that her kids will attend school.
This is an example to show that in order to provide inclusive development, we have to work as a team.  The Government is fully convinced to digitize the services that our society demands in every single Sector.  It is our commitment that 100% of all federal government services are provided online.  This is the most efficient way to democratize the access to services.
We don't want free of charge services only.  People need to be aware that they are entitled to that right, and we want all of our citizens able to use technologies to exercise such a right, and also to benefit from many social programmes that are at their hands.  And sometimes they're unaware of them.  ICTs and the Internet serve as a major catalyst but we have to translate those in the improvement of people's living.
It doesn't matter if you have access, if people don't know how to use the Internet.  If they don't know how to use ICTs.  Access needs to be translated into better development conditions.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  And thank you for being exactly on time.  So just reminding the speakers that there's a countdown clock over there and that's great.  Again, another great example of what we're trying to do is look at very specific, very specific things and examples of success stories so that at the end of each session our Rapporteurs are going to draw out some of the  really good practices that we've heard.
I don't believe that there's anything called a "best practice," because we have a menu of a lot of good practices so we're looking for really concrete, great examples in each one of these discussion areas that we can learn from and then make available to everybody.
Raul Echeberria from ISOC, you're next.  We were on an earlier panel together and he made it so that's great.  Raul?

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Thank you very much.  I think that I have one minute and a half, so it's challenging.
I think that we need to work on capacity building across many different areas for really connecting everybody, but connecting in a  meaningful way.  This is building capacities on deploying infrastructure, on using infrastructure, for participating meaningfully in the Internet Governance debate, but mainly we need to build capacities for using the Internet for the benefit of the life of the people.
And this is why I think that we cannot speak about capacity-building without speaking about empowering communities, and we have seen that in all our work across the world especially in the works that we do with the community networks, where we deploy the networks, we build capacities for the people building their own networks, for learning how to use the Internet but also for working on learning how to use the Internet for increasing their incomes, for having access to best services, for improving their lives, for building an Internet really of opportunities.  And this is why I say that in this area we have to talk about building capacities and empowering communities as one common theme.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  Next, Gabriela -- by the way, for everybody, we can do just introduce yourself very briefly.  The bios are online so we don't want to use a lot of time.  But if everybody could just introduce themself as you start.

>> G. ROCHA:  Great.  Hello, how are you doing?  My name is Gabriela Rocha, the Executive Director of an organization by the name of Laboratoria Mexico.  We em power young women with low income we provide them with access to quality education and provide them with opportunities to be Web developers in the digital Sector.  As Yolanda well described, in the region regretfully we have  inequalities and women are overrepresented in a population in which they are an underserved group.
We have young people who don't go to school or don't have a job and they represent 70%, one each out of three don't have income so that represents an endless list of problems starting with violence and their futures are in the hands of other  people, and that is a problem, because they don't have economic independence.

At the same time this is a very critical social problem but there is a huge opportunity in the digital Sector.  It is the industry that grows the fastest in Latin America, and happily, to be a developer, you don't need a University degree.  You just need to write code, so that opens up a great deal of opportunities for our population that unfortunately don't have access to quality higher education.  Regretfully, quality higher education is a luxury in Latin America.
So what we decided to do at Laboratoria was to fill this gap between the social problem and use the talent of thousands of young women.  That talent is being wasted because they don't have access to good education opportunities, and this enormous potential is being used in the digital Sector.  So what we do, is we screen talented women.  Because no one is looking for them.  We train them in Web development for 6 months.  We are using a very innovative methodology, which is very agile and accessible for them because they have to pay after they finish the Program, once we find a quality job for them and they work as Web developers earning three times more as they used to earn.
We started in Peru two years ago, and now we're working in Mexico and Chile and we're willing to work in Jalisco.  We have -- we're active in Mexico City but we want to be here as well and in the last 25 seconds I would like to leave you with this:  I believe that one of the wonders that we have discovered in this process is the fact that it is possible indeed for a woman without any  formal education, with low income and without any experience working with technology, in 6 months, that woman can become a Web developer.  She can contribute with her talent to this Sector and can contribute the transformation of her life and her family's so let's consider that when we talk about the inclusion of women and youth.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  And that's actually a great segue into Dr. Liu from China, because we're just hearing about women becoming  developers, right, Web developers?  And Dr. Liu  is, you know, one of the people leading some of the Science and Technology in China, so Dr. Liu?

>> C. LIU:  Thank you.  I'm a member of the Committee on ICT for UN, Chinese Association for Science and Technology and a Professor of Chinese Academy of sciences.  Thank you for providing me such opportunity to address issues of the women and the Internet.
Perhaps very few countries like China in the world, the lady plays a so important role in the Internet history.  20 years ago, very few people in China knew the Internet.  No one else understood why China needed Internet, but she did.  In order to bring the Internet to China, she communicated with the Government officers, Chief engineers, private sector leaders, and finally, the first TCIP started in 1997.  Then she leaded the first Internet Program and founded The Internet Society of China.  She served the society as the President.  She was a member of ICANN, international Domain Name communities, and a member of Working Group of Internet Governance.  She also was Chairperson of the China National Committee for data.  She's a pioneer of Internet of China.  She's with the global connector.  The Internet history told us she changed China.  Up to the end of last year, 2015, there are 688 million people, Chinese people, using the, Internet in which almost 200 million people in the country side and they use the Internet to improve their lives and most of them achieving the poverty  free.
Ladies and gentlemen, the name of the lady is Madam Hu.  Like a mother, not only she is the mother of the Internet of China.  She has been dedicated herself to the Internet, she gave all her love to the Internet.  She get me to come back to China after I got good training in America.  And dedicated to using the Internet.  Madam Hu is an example of ladies in The Internet Society.  She is an example of mine.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  That very much.  That was inspiring.  Daniel.

>> D. ABADIE:  Good afternoon.  I am Daniel.  I come from the Government of Argentina.  62% of Argentina homes have a connection, which means that 38% don't.  20% of our youths between 20 and 29 years of age haven't finished high school, and 7 out of every 10 don't finish University.  Argentina is doing many things from the perspective of Civil Society and the Government in favor of inclusion especially having to do with children and women.  Everything that has to do with technology and Civil Societies that take technologies to women, we can talk about an NGO that generates empowerment of youth in situations of poverties.  Men and women, they develop their abilities of testing and work with different companies where they carry out their work.
From the point of view of the State, what we do is give training in programming, online sales, and abilities based on the Internet trying to generate employment for women and we are also working in the educational areas and entrepreneurship with different schools, thinking about the future, thinking about production in Argentina is going from meats to services.
Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  -- on time.  Edmon Chung.

>> E. CHUNG:  Edmon from dotAsia.  My colleagues have already talked about some of the items about youth and the digital divide.  It's sometimes strange actually especially in the developed world to think about youth when we talk about inclusion, because really, they're at the forefront of the Internet, not -- we don't need to bring them in, they're already in.  They're probably more in than we are.  And but one of the things that is important is about ownership, I think in terms of ownership and empowerment, which I think is a very critical element leading into inclusion.  And here at IGF, I guess one of the aspects is about youth participation in Internet Governance and policy development for the  Internet's own future, and that empowerment I think is important.
But just being open doors, I mean, the doors are open and if you look around you, the youth here, there is a lot of youth here, which has been built around -- over the years, but they needles capacity building.  Somebody needs to bring them in and that is part of the empowerment that is important in terms of youth inclusion, as well.
So two things really, to actually empower youth inclusion is the capacity building to allow them to actually effectively participate in Internet Governance, and also the ownership, having a sense of being able to influence the policies, not just having them around and teaching them what we know about the Internet but actually allowing these digital natives to have a say in our Internet policies in the future.  I think that's important in terms of inclusion.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Really good point.  It's about not just educating.  It's actually about integrating, and the collaboration, bringing people into the process so that they are participants and affecting the future because it's their future.
Ailyn from Cuba?

>> A. FEBLES:  Thank you, good morning.  Thank you to the organisers for having invited us to participate.  I come in representation of  Cuba -- organised Cuban Civil Society.  Recently, information technologies, it is a young organization that is a group of young professionals of the Sector in order to  potentialize their innovative capacities, capabilities and have an impact in our country, reinforcing values, going from a society that is centered on its people to become an innovative and integrating one.  It is impossible to reach our innovation and technological goals by being an isolated society.  We need to have Civil Society playing an important role in which all of our actors will discuss and interact more, and discuss on how to use Internet in order to transform political, social and economic life of developing countries, and not only talk about exploitation and domains.
It is for this reason that the different proposals that are being made need to take into account the different realities and capabilities of development of different sectors and regions in the world, taking into account each nation's priorities, as well as their independence and sovereignty.  In Cuba we have implemented several actions in order to contribute, as was said, to connect to knowledge and participate in a true globalization of information, that means to share and not to exclude.

End of quote.
This is difficult in the beginning.  The factors that can have an impact in the safe use of Internet have been developed in Cuba in the last 50 years.  We all know how to write and read.  We have a right to access:  Children, women, senior citizens, people with disabilities, we learn English from the beginning of public education.  The language of Internet in spate of it not being the native language that is most spoken.
The level of culture is very high as well as the guarantee in our different spaces in order to keep developing it and it has been the will of our Government to promote the use of Internet and technologies that haven't been able to be carried out due to the blockade that we're suffering right now.
On behalf of this Association of programmers of Cuba, I would like to share our point of view for the meeting that we have tomorrow at 4:00 p.m.  We have developed a project for the creative use of ICT services in harmony with the environment.  We have developed a competition where the prize is for the best participation of women-formed teams.  This ICT workshop, as well as all of the workshops that have been accompanying with the use of software in which we participate as Government, Civil Society, and the States, and general population versus having to do with technologies as a pretext.
We have launched different meetings and Working Groups at a National level where we integrate capabilities for the correct use of technologies and Internet.  All of this closes a cycle in which every two years, we will develop our cybersociety.  The first meeting will be held in October 2017, and this will set on the horizon the challenges that we must face in ICT matters in order to contribute to a prosperous and sustainable future.  The OIC proposes itself as a dynamic and productive space for dialogue and action in which different sectors of society will be able to be sensitive, educate, and move society for the promotion of the correct use of IT and communication technologies.
From this space we will promote concrete and coherent alternatives that will support in the process of achieving a prosperous development and a sustainable one as well and we will consolidate all of the achievements in the area of social justice, reached by our homeland since a few years ago.  We must move a bright future is possible.

>> R. PEPPER:  I apologize.  You got a little bit out of order but we actually we have a different perspective from Egypt broadening it to women, youth but also people with special needs to be included.  Abeer?

>> A. SHAKWEER:  Thank you, Peter, good  morning, everyone.  I work as an Advisor to the Minister of Communications and Information Technology in Egypt and yes we all believe and agree on the importance of the inclusion of women and youth.  However, I give that special attention should be paid to the inclusion of women, youth, and every person with disability who are subjected to double discrimination, as they are not given equal opportunities to earn income, and therefore have in most cases lower standards of living, adding gender discrimination, unfortunately women with disabilities suffer from multiple layers of discrimination.
Realizing that the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology in Egypt work to the inclusion and empowerment of persons with disabilities on the top of its agenda and within this context we launched many, many projects including the development of Egypt's ICT and Internet accessibility policy in cooperation with the ITU.  Developing assistive technologies which support languages, train and employ persons with disabilities at the ICT Sector, providing access to Internet assistive technologies to all special education schools and public universities.
Only two weeks ago, we launched the Arab Regional ICT center for persons with disabilities in cooperation with the ITU.  Actually I can go for hours but I would like to give you a feel of the real world through a short video that I think my colleagues here will run.  Thank you.
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>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much.  That was actually great because it shows not just -- we were earlier discussing inclusion into the Internet, but this is using the Internet for inclusion, right?  And we need to look at both sides of that, and so that was -- it's really moving so really, thank you for presenting that.
We're going to come back one more time to Raul.  Last night, we were working on the schedule and Raul actually thought that he was addressing one of the later sessions on capacity building but Raul also wanted to address and contribute to the discussion on inclusion of women and youth.  So Raul, please go ahead.

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Thank you very much.  If we want to include women, more women on the Internet, the Internet should be relevant for women.  At this moment, the percentage of IT jobs that are held by women in the world is decreasing, and the contents are mainly available by men so it is clear that we need women to be technology  developers and also content developers.
Every person in The Internet Society has a perspective and we have things addressing those needs like the ones we have in Africa.  We are training women to acquire the basic technology skills for getting jobs in the IT industry.  With regard to youth I think what is basic is connecting the children in the schools.  We always speak about connecting the schools but what is really important is connect all the children around the world.
One final comment on a very nice project that we run in partnership with CGI Brazil and this year also in partnership with the Government of Mexico and dot MX that is the youth Program that we run here in IGF, this year we brought together those three organizations with the Government of Mexico, more than 80 youth, that you will have the opportunity to see all of them in every session during the IGF.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you, Raul.  So we're going to open this up now for questions.  Dr. Youssef, and we have the microphones, so if you want to contribute, please just let us know.  We want to keep the contributions, the interventions, to about one minute because we want an opportunity for as many people as possible.
There's somebody over here.  One of the issues we heard a lot about the territories to bring women into the tech industry.  The mother of the Internet in China, that was a wonderful story.  Coding, Gabriela, but there's some other issues maybe we also want to address, which is the earlier, Yolanda, you talked about it, which is disparity on using the Internet.  In many countries, the difference, the percentage of women and girls using the Internet versus men, or boys, males, is just very wide, right?
And so why is that?  And what can we do about closing that gap, in addition to closing the gap on the development side, the technology side, the coding side?  All right?
So we need to I think address both of those gaps when we're talking about the gender gap.  Over here?  Turn on Dr. Youssef's microphone, please.  I don't think the mic was working.
Hold on.

Could you -- yeah, repeat.


>> Hello.  Mime just Gonzales.  Before anything else I'd like to congratulate for the great work you're carrying out.  In 2000, I was beginning junior high, and it was very difficult to overcome that digital divide.  It was very difficult to have access to a computer and I remember with my first home works the Mexican Institute for youth brought to us closer to the Internet through saber cave Fayes and gave us the opportunity to learn.  We are success stories thanks to the policies that you represent.  Maybe sometimes we're nervous and it's difficult to overcome it but I would like to ask you not to lose faith and hope in our youths, even when our social networks and everybody is against our youths, we as youths still want to grow and want the world to evolve through ICTs.  Th

[ Applause ]


>> R. PEPPER:  That's great.

>> Hello, I am Abdel Basherbom from Chad.  This is a good panel because we're talking about Internet, integration and duration as well.  What could you tell us about the Internet?  I was talking about capacities.  Will we have a big Program of reinforcement of inclusion of women and children?  I know ISOC, ICANN, they have a fellowship Program, but how can we reinforce these programmes?  So we need true, viable programmes for inclusion.  You tell us, okay, in each country we're going to take youths to our panels.  This is what I'm seeing here.  There are no youths, there are no young people in your panel so maybe in each panel we should include young people to participate.

>> R. PEPPER:  Why don't we do this.  I can probably -- .

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Dear we have a lot of requests for interpretation.  So here I have -- .

>> R. PEPPER:  There and then there's somebody Dr. Youssef in front of you to your other.  Then we'll move to the other side of the room.

>> Good morning, I am Carlos Francisco Flores, I come from the University of Guadalajara.  I have a degree in international business, and I aspire to Master's in IT.  Why the relation between two, you have already spoken of, it is a great tool in order to make good business without much investments in some environments but my question focuses on the environment in Mexico.
How can one, as a potential entrepreneur in this area of ICTs, how can we -- how can we  overcome all of the obstacles that we have in Mexico to do so?  And about startups that are going down due to matters of sustainability or economic problems, maybe due to taxes and all these types of details.  How is the structure  made?
Because I understand that we need to educate population more in these areas, but what are you doing in order to develop the industry as such, and so that it won't be an industry owned by only a few actors or entrepreneurs here in Mexico?

>> R. PEPPER:  We want to collect a number of these questions and then come back so that would be great.
We'll move to -- so why don't we pick up maybe two more comments, and then we'll come back up to the panel.  So somebody over here on this side?  Dr. Youssef -- we're going here first.  Okay,  good.

>> Hello, my name is Patricia Contreras.  My question is for Gabriela Rocha.  Which are the challenges, obstacles to which Laboratoria has had to -- which Laboratoria has had to overcome to train women and to educate them in an environment that unfortunately for many is an environment or an area mainly male, that is mainly male?


>> R. PEPPER:  But for the people asking questions, if you could also stand up so that the camera can see you, because we're doing this remote online, as well.  Actually, what we're going to do is there's some questions, if you'd like to answer them.  We'll then go to a remote question to see if there's any questions remotely and come back over here for the questions in the room.  So, please, if there's anybody that wants to respond to any of the questions so far.

>> I would like to start.  What was your name?  Patty.
[ Gabriela Rocha ]
Obviously there are many challenges we're facing.  One of the things we have learned is it is what motivates us so much, it's the fact that there's a lot of potential.  There are brilliant women out there that just because of a lack of opportunities are outside of formal economy, don't have opportunity of social mobility, et cetera.  So in Laboratoria we have a process of selection through which we try to identify these women with a lot of potential, and it has been wonderful to teach them and have them be a part of our programmes because they are very capable people and they are fast learners.  The challenges in many cases have to do on one hand with their social context, and on the other, and I'm talking about the second point that you mentioned, once they are already at work.
When it comes to the social context, we are still facing many challenges regarding discrimination that women face in Latin America.  Our students start to feel empowered because they're working in an environment that is only a woman environment, and they determine what they want in life, and their goals, et cetera, and sometimes their husbands feel threatened and don't let them have the freedom that they need to be successful in the programme and later on at work.
Also, we still don't live in a society that facilitates the necessary conditions so that women can leave their home and work on their education and their jobs.  Many of them are single mothers, and do not live in the necessary conditions so that they can dedicate themselves 100% to this task.
These are some of the challenges that we face, and that in a way we try to improve with each of our students so that they can all have these opportunities.
And on the other hand, when it comes to their jobs, their work, there's so much demand in the digital Sector that companies are looking for talent, and when they see that there's a programme for women that are very well prepared and ready to work, they are truly eager to open their doors for them.  And these companies start to talk about how it has been so much better for them to have women on their team because diversity brings about more creativity, innovation, and it's not the famous all-men's club.
And I think the more we work on these areas, the more we can see the benefits for them, and I am glad to say that we have had very few problems with our students in this mainly male environment at work.

>> R. PEPPER:  Do you want to just have a real quick intervention?

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Yes, first point is that I come from an organization that is led by a woman, and we have half of our executive team meeting are women, and half of our staff, more or less, are women, too.  So this is about leading by example.  And one silent work we do is that every, in many places around the world, we identify Governmental partners.  We bring them together.  We help them to promote them in their communities, and we see now that many of the women that have participated in those meetings around the world are now in leadership positions and some of them are here.
And the same with youth.  Many of the people that have participated, people between 18 and 85 years old that have participated in the last year in the youth programme in IGF, now they are back here by their own because they are -- they have leadership positions in different organizations in this field so I think it's about work and leading by example.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Do we have any questions for remote participation?  Nothing yet, okay.  If there is some, just wave at me.  Have the question sign.
Okay, yes, Yolanda, please.

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Just to answer the question from our colleague of the University of Guadalajara, I also studied at the University of Guadalajara proudly, and fortunately this year there was a very important reform in order to accelerate the process of company creation.  Fortunately this year in gob.MX the creation of a company can be done through the Internet 100%.  It is free and by law it needs to be carried out in less than 24 hours so I would be glad to talk to you after the panel, because it's one of our commitments to provide free access for the services that will promote entrepreneurship using the Internet.

>> R. PEPPER:  Our host, Lenni Montiel, has to leave now, unfortunately but I want to just before you leave, just thank you very, very much.  I  really appreciated all the work that you've done so that we're here, but also your comments, and I know how busy you are that you are actually able to stay with us for a full hour so thank you very, very much.  And I just wanted to thank you before you had to leave.  Thanks.
Back over here for a couple more questions.  So we'll go here, and then thank you for standing.  Is there another question down here, again, so we'll do here and then here.  Thank you.
And then -- and then all the way in the back, but, yeah.  Yes, we'll do here, here, and then there, good.  Thank you.


>> Good morning.  I am Ivan Barratta from the Association of professors in Cuba.  Seneca would say there's no favorable wind for us not to know where we're going and in topics of the Internet also the 2030 SDGs have to lead the way for our ideas and the paths that we must follow, and I think that with the same objectives, even though we have certain doubts of our prior goals in which -- regarding which many countries haven't been able to overcome their obstacles regarding education, inclusion and everything that we have committed to, our 2030 objectives, or goals, there's something that coincides in all of these cases, the need to train teachers adequately so that knowledge can be given through the Internet, as well.
They're not calling to us to connect all  around.  We need to include the participation of children, and therefore, this 2015 debt that we have when it can ums to our goals that we're going to trail on until 2030 need to become much more important to be able to reach our end goal, which is the most -- the major human development, as much human development as possible.  All of this is part of these policies to achieve that the Internet will serve human development as much as possible.
The question is:  How do we -- how can we see these projects that have a local impact?  And how are we influencing Government policy so that they will truly acknowledge the fact that Internet needs to favor the process of comprehensive and inclusive preparation, and that it needs to be one more path to take in order to achieve full development for children and youths in education?
It's impossible to navigate through education if we don't know our basic ABCs, and we need to maintain basic levels of education.  We have a lot of exclusion of children that go to work at an early age, and in spite of everything, Internet needs to come to support these processes that are essential in order to achieve a complete inclusion in the Internet.


>> R. PEPPER:  -- of this session but I do want to take some of the questions that we've already said.  So we're going to do this next one will be right here.  We'll go to the back, and we'll do one more from over here and you had your hand raised from the very beginning so we'll do that.
So we have one, two, three, and I  think -- we're pretty much out of time?  No, we have time?  We're okay?  Okay.
So, yeah, we'll do one, two, three, and then four will be over here, thank you.  Keep your intervention short so we can get as many in as possible.  Thank you.

>> My name is Zena from Lebanon.  SDG5 calls for empowering women and girls and to achieve gender equality.  In my country, Lebanon, we might not have a problem in building capacities, as well as offering equal access to study, especially ICT topics, but maybe what is needed everywhere, not only in Lebanon, is to have companies recruiting more women at all levels.  Is it possible to have ICT companies set a target, let's say of X percent female as a global work force?  I think this might be a good step towards achieving the inclusion of women in the society.  


>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much.  In the back and then to this side.

>> Good morning, Mr. Fernández from the University of Mexico.  Everyone speaks of Internet for everyone but it's not just Internet for Internet, but we have to educate people, give them training, so that they are aware so that we provide health services, as well.  No one's speaking about this, about we see everyone bending over, hunching over.  We need to see development of more ergonomic, accessible tools that enable us to use the Internet while in a healthy position.  We need to educate people appropriately not just providing Internet itself.
So let's reinforce those points, as well.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  -- topic and then we'll move on to the next discussion topic so we have a little bit of time here.  You raised your hand from the very beginning, sorry, so please.

>> Excuse me, I'm afraid I've lost my voice.  But I think it's very important, there's very little time to say everything that we need to say in terms of Cuba's experience.  I am here as a representing a Civil Society platform for the National economic and social development plan to 2030, the vision of the nation, which is  strategic, and that is the report that I bring here to you.  Everything that has been said here from the Sector also includes a project developed by Madeo which is for free of cost access in  Cuba, two projects at the end of the day that have been worked on significantly, one of which an organic project that deals with culture, the organic museum that exhibits different -- that has different exhibits, and many of the exhibits and the pieces on exposition at the museum are there and have been provided through access to the Internet.  We also need to promote this through another important Section of the country, the Province of Extenua.  There we have a project that is being undertaken by the communications school with local Governments.  The central Havana Government.  And we're working on that, as well.  I think that this is in synergy with the compulsory programme in the country.
Now, I just have one question given an issue that we have solved, that is, that all women in Cuba earn the same amount as men.  So developers would have to receive the same financial compensation as male developers.  So my question is, if we're developing so many women developers, why are they not in the whole world earning as much as male developers?

>> R. PEPPER:  I'll see if there are any answers.  So, please.

>> Thank you.  I'm Davey Sun from Beijing tech Nickingal Institute.  I'm a technical Guy and it's the first time to participate in IGF here.  I don't have questions but I would like to offer a phenomenon I observed during when I heard some news.
Many people would know that people use mobile app to do a lot of things.  One news I heard make me some thinking that some old people that cannot use the mobile phone, a computer that cannot access to some services, that most some traditional services are moving to the Internet.  The news I heard about an old lady that in the street cannot find a taxi so because like Uber and DD in China now are very popular and especially young guys and some people very fond of using it.  So even the traditional taxi use this app to run their business.
Some older people cannot even compete with the young guys.  So I have -- I just propose this topic as -- to ask if there's any discussion here related to this.  Because today's topic is about inclusive development, inclusive groups of the Internet, so I would like to ask people, to challenge people here, to think of a way to help more people to better access the services in the Internet.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  So, yeah, so inclusion is actually all people.  And using the Internet to solve real-world problems exactly like you said.
So there may be some responses to some of the questions.  Everybody doesn't have to -- does not have to respond and then beer going to come to Alejandro who is our Rapporteur who is going to try to just quickly pull together some of the little nuggets of things, insights from this part of the discussion, which has really been good.  It's been great.  So does anybody want to -- yes?  Edmon, please.

>> E. CHUNG:  In response to the gentleman just mentioned but I wanted to respond to the gentleman earlier, in terms of youth participation in this particular panel, I agree very much that that is very important, and I wanted to bring attention to one of the workshops that is a feeder into this session, which is the workshop, which will happen in workshop room 4 at noon, which talks about youth participation both on capacity-building and policy participation, and on these panels, right?
So we can't just bring them in and let them sit around.  We need to get them to actually actively speak at panels, as well.  So I agree very much.
And in response to the gentleman here, I think that's a great topic.  I mean, I've been trying to advocate that concept.  We talk about the digital divide, and the wide digital divide and narrowing it a lot.  You know, people that cannot access the Internet, the rural places, but we forget about the deepening digital divide in urban areas.  Even though 90% of people probably in Beijing is connected to the Internet, that 10% is left behind so far.  So even though it's a narrow digital divide, it's deepening and that is what causes market failure and I think what the gentleman just mentioned is market failure.  The market has failed because it doesn't allow the elderly, those who are not online now are missing out on  services.
And that's one -- when markets fail, that requires intervention, and that's where Internet Governance and policy comes into play.  So we can't just look at how wide or narrow the digital divide is, but also how deep the digital divide is even though when it's narrow.  So I think that's a very good point.

>> R. PEPPER:  I think it's a great point, as well.  Because one of the things that we know from some of the research is that as more people in a country connect to the Internet, it closes the income inequality gap between countries, but the paradox is that as more people in a country connect, it widens the income inequality in that country, because the people who are connected improve so much faster than the people not connected.  So in the name of equality, we're not going to tell people to disconnect, so there's only one answer:  Everybody has to be connected.  Right?  So it's a great point, Edmon, a really great point that you made.
Any other final comments?  Yolanda and then Daniel.

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Very quickly for our colleagues in the education Sector, I'm very pleased to have heard the words from the Cuban Professor and the Professor from the University in Mexico.  I think we all share the importance of an inclusive process, and the idea that it has to included cation.  We need to generate comprehensive programmes where teachers are empowered to be able to use digital programmes where they're able to make the most of the Internet, computer tools, applications, so that they can generate more inclusive education through more responsible education.
The Internet is a great enabler, but like everything in the world, if we learn to cross the road and we look right to make sure that there are no cars coming, we also have to teach society, all actors in society, especially our youth, what it means to use the Internet but to use it responsibly under conditions of productivity.


>> D. ABADIE:  The Internet is not the end but the means to the end where we need to build one great focus that we need to see in Governments, in generating the same ability amongst students, where teachers are running behind the students because the students are much further ahead on that learning curve.
In elementary and secondary schools, in Argentina, we have the same inequalities.  At the end of the day, it's not a physical thing that's generating, but rather it's a platform of knowledge, and we need to integrate teachers and students so that we have a responsible Internet, as Yolanda was saying.

>> R. PEPPER:  Now, we have two phenomenal Rapporteurs.  They have the hardest job here, which is to try to just distill things.  So the Rapporteur for this first part of the discussion, Alejandro, and -- please.

>> A. PISSANTY:  Thank you, Pepper.  My name is Alejandro Pisanty.  Thank you for the invitation.  I thank the organisers for thinking I could do this job.  It was made easier by your call Pepper on distilling the most concrete examples.
So -- because we have a transcript, so I would mention maybe the salient points of things that people can actually take for further work.  One of them is the emphasis on Government services, including changing them, not only automating them, so that for example, they make people's lives easier, like for creating companies, starting them up, getting them registered.
Second, it's an important message I distilled from the session is empowering the communities, not only bringing in the capacity-building, but actually doing it in such a way that the community becomes more empowered, and it's a focus on the community as well as on the individual, if I read or understood well.
The example from Laboratoria, they're working closely with young women who have a particular combination of skills and opportunity, and denied access paths so you're breaking the barrier with their strengths.  I bow to my colleague Chung Lou through her to Madam Hu our Professor.  I refuse to only call her Madam Hu because she's a very high ranking academic.  It's hard to distill from that a way to empower what will China will have, half of the population are women so from her example to scale it to 600 million women in China will be hard but it's really a shining example to be taken into account.
I would also say that the actual empowerment, bringing the young people and I will say the  young, the old, the people with disabilities, all the communities that are not part of the mainstream into the decision-making processes is important.  I do have a personal editorial note there about the scaling of that kind of effort so that maybe you're not going to create an Assembly in a stadium but create some webs of trust or other mechanisms so that people's voices are not lost in the process.
And the Government action for inclusion is extremely important, and I would say for all the projects that we saw even when they are undertaken by all stakeholders, shaped by stakeholders, the Government's responsibility is very high because very few things scale the way Governments scale, and I say this as an editorial extraction from the example given by Egypt, the kind of effort that was shown there and we know in other places that can be made by Governments can only have that size and that scale when it includes public moneys and public efforts.
But the multistakeholder process within it or around it has to be preserved, as well.  It is very easy to extract a biased conclusion from a project like that, since only the Government has the scale to do it, the moneys and the equipment, the structures, doesn't mean that it has to be governed by the Government alone.  Listening to the community to building together with the communities, especially with the marginalized communities, is equally important.
And the final point I extract is the emphasis on when going back to education, on the digital skills for teachers, and I made an editorial note of myself, which is don't buy the digital natives' rhetoric at face value.  Digital natives are in all generations, and you may have very limited skills within digital native populations that have to be fostered, things as basic as search  capacity, the use of bullion logic within search strings, very elementary stuff, escapes both aged researchers in universities and the very young assumed digital natives, so use cases, going back to the community, I will take that from Raul, is very important so that you know what you actually have to fix before bringing in a programme.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very very much.  That was a great way to bring closure to this part of the discussion.  What we're going to do now is move into the second discussion topic, which is capacity building, and that naturally is going to lead into the third discussion topic after that, which is about local relevant content, local language, and what makes content relevant, and that's linked very closely to capacity building.
So some of the people up here are going to stay up here and some are going to move and other people are going to be coming up.  So why don't we do that and I'm going to hand off the moderating for the next session to Dr. Youssef.
So we're just going to keep going.  And we hope more people will come in, and given the different topics, as well.  So I just want to thank the panelists and the audience.  You are panelists as well, because you know as much about these things as we do.  And we just are trying to get the discussion going.
So, yeah, just come on up, and I'm going to hand the microphone to Dr. Youssef.  Thank you.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Merci.
Thank you very much.
I think that we can get started.  It's already 11:22, so I believe it might be time we find  ourselves in an international Forum, and given my good University, I'm going to speak French.  It's a divided cause, because I'm much more comfortable in French than in English.
Now, the succession that's just been set has shown whether, if we take into account the reaction of the room and the questions that were posed yesterday, when we were in our preparatory meetings, Mr. Pepper, Madam Elizabeth and all of the participants were bearing in mind or questioning whether the session was going to be as interactive, whether the audience was going to be as interactive and interested, whether there were questions concerning the issues posed, and indeed, the reaction of the audience showed that the first succession was indeed right.
So if we ask the question whether the Internet is a vector of inclusive growth, I would say that the answer was given by the reaction of the room, and that is "yes," so the next is, if that is so, then we have to bear in mind that that inclusive growth, in order for it to work well in countries when there is a true numerical deficit, then we have to discuss the challenges facing us in terms of inclusion of vulnerable people, precarious people, women, young people, people unemployed or people with not as much educational background.
What type -- what categories of obstacles are of a technical nature?  Is it infrastructure, access, access to access?  And reinforcing capacities for using that infrastructure?  That is the topic of our second session.  If our Chairperson would like to give us a small introduction that would be find or should I give the floor directly to Mr. Rajan Mathews?

right then, we'll begin with a remote participant,  Mr. Antonio Garcia Zaballos.
Mr. Antonio Garcia, it seems we have a minor technical issue, Internet-related.  It's natural.

Right, then, I would propose that insofar as we solve the technical problem, we go to our first speaker, Mr. Rajan -- oh, no, it seems that we've solved the problem.


>> I'd like to first of all acknowledge the very great contribution the Government of India has done to ICT by laying out a very aggressive vision of making sure all 1.3 billion people and if you take the addressable market at least 1.1 billion of the citizens of this great country are connected to broadband.
[ Rajan Mathews ]
That vision now rolled out for Government and private initiatives so that means we're talking about the private sector involving almost $10 billion U.S. every year for the next three to five years to ensure that capacity building vis-a-vis coverage is provided in just about every part of the country so that is the first main issue in capacity building is the massive investments required by private operators because the whole Telecom industry has been privatized in India and that will be a major challenge in terms of capacity building.  The second major issue we face in India is of course citizens education.
We have 26 at last count official languages and because the Internet is primarily English-based we have a big problem in terms of educating the consumers so that they can access the content on the Internet once they have connectivity to use that effectively and efficiently.
The third area is of course partnerships, and the one thing that we're discovering in India in terms of being able to utilize the Internet is ensuring that this is a conjoined effort.  The most recent example of that was the demonization of currency in India where rupees 500 and 1,000 was not legal tender anymore and we saw a great fracture in the population of the haves and the have nots because the only people who could continue to get currency were those people who had access to a digital medium, a payments medium or an Internet medium so that they can access the money in the bank.  So again this issue of  partnerships both with the Government, the private society in general is very, very critical for  ongoing success.
The fourth area that we'd like to talk about is enlightened policy, and regulation.  And I think these are absolutely critical in terms of policy far reaching because the Internet is fast developing and we need to keep up in regulation which is lighter so we don't have problems trying to second guess.  So the four areas we're talking about the massive investments that are required, citizen education, partnerships and of course an enlightened regulatory and policy environment.  Thank you.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you very much,  Mr. Mathews, very interesting.  Apparently we are now able to give the floor to Mr. Garcia Zaballos.  We're going to have a 30 second delay.  You have the floor, Sir.


>> A.G. ZABALLOS:  Hello, everyone.  I hope you can hear me now.  Thank you very much for the opportunity.  I just wanted to think briefly on a few points that have not been mentioned throughout this session, and I think they might be particularly important.  On the one hand, we are talking about an intensive Sector, a capital intensive Sector, with a very important need to involve different actors at the Government level.
So far, we have been speaking a great deal about implications from Academia, the Government related to telecommunications or regulatory authorities.  However, I think one aspect that needs to be considered is introduction of the Ministries of Finance and the tax authorities, so as to be able to achieve financial inclusion, and with this topic, one essential subtopic are the conditions of investment and financing, and in this sense, the role of the multilaterals is going to be essential.
We're talking about training, education-related topics, health care, public services, and  digitalization of society as a whole.  At the end of the day, the role of multinationals will also be very important, and it's important to put that on the Table as part of the discussion.  That is, how are we going to finance all of this?  What are going to be the implications for different actors at the Government level so as to distinguish that coordination between the different key players:  Government itself, private sector of course, and Academia?  Thank you ever so much.  And of course, the banks.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you very much,  Mr. Zaballos, for your comments that clarified certain issues.  I think that when we give the floor to the audience, we'll be able to enter that discussion a little bit more.
And now I would give the floor to Mr. Edmon Chung.

>> E. CHUNG:  Edmon Chung here from dotAsia.  In terms of capacity building and building on my earlier intervention on youth inclusion I think really empowerment is the critical element leading to capacity building, as well.  At dotAsia in fact we've been involved from the very beginning in bringing youth to like anything, to IGF, ICANN and IETF and other forums.  Raul my colleague mentioned earlier the Youth IGF programme.  I'm proud to say that dotAsia has been part of that in the inception of being -- coming from one of the programmes started back in 2008, net mission dotAsia programme which led into the IGF programme at the Asia Pacific version of the IGF, the Asia Pacific Regional IGF, and many others, other initiatives, and the whole ecosystem of youth empowerment work in Internet Governance, which has now led to other areas, in Europe and Latin America and Africa and here of course at the global IGF.
But what I wanted to talk about is really what we learned in terms of capacity building, really two things that we've learned is important and I think it applies to youth and women and elderly as well and that's, one, is that really, when we think about it, instead of walk before you run, you need to let them to run before they walk.  That's the new sense of the Internet.  And the other thing, the second thing that we learned, is peer based learning.
Role of the teachers, I think others have mentioned, the role of the teachers have changed with the Internet, because the students can access the information easily.  What the role of the Internet -- what the role of the teachers are then important is to facilitate the peer-based  learning.  And these are elements I think are important in terms of capacity building, making it relevant, making it interesting and that applies to elderly situation, as well.  Some of the programmes we've participated in is having the elderly teach the elderly how to use the Internet, which is much more effective than having kids teach the elderly, which seems like a good idea, but you try to teach your grandmother how to use the Internet, and you know how frustrating that is.  So what is important is really the two aspect again, getting them to walk before they run -- not to walk before they run, but to run before they walk.  Get them on the panels.  Let them participate, let them feel participation and empowered and inclusive, and then provide the information.  Then they're more interested to learn.  Because I think at the end of the day capacity building is as much about building hope as it is building skills.  And building hope really means making it fun and relevant for those we are looking to build capacity for.  Thank you.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, Mr. Chung.  Thank you for your intervention.  I think that you have in mind also that the population sensitive of numeric elements and capabilities aren't only on the students of schools, but these are populations of youths that maybe haven't gone to school, or are on strike.  But you need to consider the reinforcement of these capabilities of these abilities in countries in which there is true poverty, and countries that haven't had  adequate -- appropriate development regarding the Internet and haven't had true access to it.
So I think we need to clarify which are the programmes, methods, and means that are possible to train and create the numeric abilities of that population.

I now pass the floor to UNESCO.

>> G. BERGER:  In Sustainable Development you have a certain goal which reads as follows:   Peace, justice and strong tins institution.  Who can tell me what goal that is?  What number?  Peace, justice, strong institutions.

>> 16!

>> G. BERGER:  16, thank you very much.  Many people think it should be number one because without that, what else can you do?  If you look at 16.10, the target and the goal 16, 16.10, it is public access to information and fundamental freedoms.  Well, if there was ever a case for why 16 should be number one, it's this point, public access to information and fundamental freedoms.  Because without that you won't have peace,  justice, strong institutions, in fact you won't have much else.  Public access to information is something that the Internet is about and something that the IGF is about.
Just as we do not take or should not take the Internet for granted, we should not take public access to information and fundamental freedoms for granted.
So what capacity needs to be built to actually get public access to information and fundamental freedoms online?  What skills do we need to navigate this ocean of the Internet?  What skills do we need to fish in this ocean and to build the boats to float on this ocean?
One answer that UNESCO has come up with is media and information literacy.  This is a large concept.  It covers a lot of skills which relate to online and offline but what's important about this is that it includes digital literacies which themselves need some unpacking as to what we mean by that and I'll touch on that in half a second but I want to tell you, there's a wonderful, large movement called the Global Alliance for  partnerships in media and information literacy, a global movement that is trying to define, what are these competencies that are needed, and how to actually get them developed.
From the UNESCO point of view, we would identify three bundles.  These are bundles of competencies that are relevant to children in schools, but also to adults, and also to elderly people, as we've said.  So the three bundles of skills:  First, you need to understand the Internet.  You need to understand the afford answers of the Internet.  You need to understand the actors on the Internet, what their interests are, what the agendas and hidden agendas are, what the offerings are.  We need to understand what it means to get a so-called free service.
You need to understand the problems on the Internet, and you need to understand the opportunities on the Internet.  That's bundle one, you need to understand the Internet.  Bundle 2, you need to know your rights and you need to know how to advocate for your rights on the Internet.  You need to know your rights to seek and receive and impart information.  That is the essence of the right to freedom of expression.
Number 3 -- and by the way, you need the right to privacy also, you need to assert that as well and you need to understand.
Package number 3 of competents.  You need to know how to find information, how to sift information, how to assess it, evaluate it, how to distinguish truth from lies.  You need to understand also how to convert information into knowledge.  In other words, you need to learn how to learn when you're online.  This is a key competence that we haven't really interrogated.  We MOOCs.  We need a lot more information to understand how MOOCs are working.  I can mention later some MOOCs we're doing in Latin America on freedom of expression.  That's an input side how to learn.  How to learn on the output side.  How to learn how to create content.  How to learn how to do business on the Internet.  How to learn on the Internet how information businesses can help realize SDG 8, which is decent work and economic growth.
It's important to understand also when you're creating on the Internet, SDG 9C about innovation which is also about Internet connectivity.  So to summarize we need capacities for three things:  To understand the Internet, because that tells us where we are.  We need to know our rights on the Internet.  That tells us who we are:  We are global citizens.  Number three, we need to know how to use the Internet.  That tells us what we can do with the Internet.
So to conclude, Sustainable Development has to include the development of people's ability to use the internet, especially for 16.10, public access to information, fundamental freedoms.  And if we can capacitate each user to use the Internet for public information and fundamental freedom then in turn the net will build our capacity to achieve the diverse dimensions of development indicated by the SDGs, poverty, gender, sustainable cities, know them all.  The proposition I'm putting to you is this:  It is logical.  Start with media and information literacy competencies if you want to make mileage in achieving the SDGs.  Thank you.

[ Applause ]


>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, Mr. Berger.  Thank you for this intervention, which was excellent and very pertinent.  I'm indeed you have clarified on the large Specter of reinforcement abilities.  It's not about technical abilities but regulatory and legal abilities, as well.
Now I believe that we are about to have an interesting experience with the intervention of Dr. Wael Abdel Aal, who will take the floor.

>> W.A. AAL:  It's my first attendance to this type of Conference.  I am a physician, practicing physician, and Chairman and Medical Director of a Charity Hospital back in Egypt, and at the same time, I am the Chairman of the telehealth Foundation.  Thank you all for inviting me, and I'd just like to say a few points that:  Don't be late to the future, because the future has already left.  And it's a very alarming note, because the speed, not only the experiences of the future, but the changes, the speed of the changes, as you have said, running before you walk, is extremely important.
Lots of work force, communities, and even Governments will become obsolete if we're not careful and we're not in control anymore.  Things are moving around us, and we have to be very intelligent.  We know that industries of the future, in health care and others, particularly after looking at parallel computing, algorithms and meta information, the abundance of communication devices and the cloud facilitated the innovations of artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology and cybersecurity.
We understand in health care that this will probably be one of the strongest devices in health care, and we are utilizing this now in our work in Egypt, and our programmes that are happening there.
Our main primarily goal in capacity-building is that things that used to work no more work.  And we need to fast adapt and adopt the new changes, and this is what we need to build in the capacity-building, the capacity of the minds of our youth.  And those who don't shift and adapt quickly will probably become obsolete if they resist this change.
We have to have an open mind, flexible  approach, adapt, and adopt quickly.  We need to look at the selective skills of each of our individuals.  We don't have to be one thing goes through all.  We need to be very selective and build to empower these youth in using their skills and improve it using the ICT as a power for that.
Our I'll be speaking about more details of our programmes maybe in the next session and tomorrow we have a morning session at 10:45 about  telehealth and telemedicine and the programmes we have already on the ground.  I don't want to take more than my time but we have a very nice example from the morning from Gabriela Rocha about how the Darwinian natural selection with Web developers, they don't have to go to college and school, but they succeeded by natural selection being intelligent about their choice of route.
And at the end, we need to start by so many pilots, and build on the successes.  We will have failures, edit them, build on successes and make these successes affect other programmes, keep an open mind, we will always be changing and be wary of that.  Thank you very much.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, doctor.  Now, I would like to pass the microphone to Mr. Raul Echeberria from ISOC.

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  I already spoke a little about capacity-building in the previous slot, but the international society strategy on development is basically four pillars:  Building infrastructure, building capacities, bringing our expertise from the work on the ground to feed the policy debate and international fora at the local and Regional level and the fourth pillar is capacity-building.
So what is capacity-building for deploying infrastructure, for maintaining infrastructure, for using infrastructure, capacity-building for building communities, for empowering communities, for working with the communities in different aspects, and capacity-building for bringing this experience from all stakeholders and expertise that we have distributed among all stakeholders to the policy debate.  And this is exactly what we are talking about, building capacities across all the needs, and without those capacities we cannot deploy the it's and without ICTs, we cannot achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.  Thank you.


>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, Mr. Echeberria.  I now pass the floor to our last speaker, Mr. Eric Loeb, from AT&T.

>> E. LOEB:  As I was preparing at first I was thinking to talk a bit about some of the demand side capacity-building examples but then as I've listened to many of the other interventions, I'm thinking that there are a few very fundamental supply-side issues that are worth mentioning, and it's at the risk of either stating the overly obvious or making sure we reinforce some things that aren't always shot of as the bright, shiny objects of something new but I think they're worth mentioning because they are of a very macro effect and in my experience working in countries all over the world, the extent to which these very fundamental issues are being addressed on encouraging the supply side, some of the things to which Rajan had mentioned, bear mentioning.
So first, Universal Service Fund reform.  Vista very fundamental point to take a look at what Universal Service Fund is in place.  To the extent the funds are being used at all, which is a problem in some instances, are they being used to promote the supply side capacity for the services of the future:  Mobile, broadband, et cetera?  Not another fixed-line PSTN phone.  It's a very fundamental issue but one that can have a  magnifying impact.
Second, tax policy.  To the extent that the services that we're talking about for developing inclusion and human capacity are considered a luxury S. and taxed at a high level, and taxed because it's a very large, easy source to  identify, you are missing out on the multiplier effect of digital inclusion, societal inclusion, economic inclusion and this is an area where I think Government policy is ripe for innovation of thinking about ways rather than going for that early big hit, you think about an aggregation of marginal gains as you've encouraged much more inclusive society and economy.
And third, policy, also fundamental, National broadband plans.  They've been shown to be incredibly effective at addressing supply and demand-side issues.  If it hasn't been done, do  it.  If it has been done and it was done five years ago, it's probably out of date, because the technology is so far evolved in that period of time, that whatever the conclusions were then, may not be in keeping with what is appropriate or possible now.
So again, very macro points on the supply side.  There are other examples we can come back to on the demand side but I thought those are important to mention.


>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, Mr. Loeb.  Indeed, you have clarified in turn a few new aspects of this inclusive growth and those problems of the Internet on different transactions.
Now we're coming to the end of this panel in the name of our attendees, I thank our speakers:  Mr. Mathews, Mr. Garcia se ball loss, Mr. Chung, Mr. Berger, Mr. Abdel Aal, Mr. Echeberria and  Mr. Loeb.  I think all of the interventions have brought up certain questions from our audience.  My colleague is also here and we're going to round up those questions and...  Go ahead.

>>  the remote participation from the remote hub in Havana, Cuba.  They would like to engage on this topic with all of you.  Thank you.


>> Hello from Havana, Cuba.  We would like to share with you the experience of a social institution that has been effective for 29 years in giving access to technologies and the inclusion of sectors, mainly in regarding the use of Information Technology use and communications.  We are an institution that has 600 technological  hubs, and we use technologies.  We give our main services and courses in different modalities, from basic information at a distance, remote courses.  We include youths, children, adults, senior citizens, as well as people with disabilities.
For example, this year, we have had over 72,000 women graduate from our courses, and 138,000 people with disabilities.  These are people that have access to our hubs, and access to some of the centers that give access to other content, such  as, for example, the collaborative encyclopedia, which is one of the most visited sites in our country which today has 160,000 published articles and over 158,000 visits.  We have a platform available to everybody in which we can all share experiences -- the experiences of those who post their comments and own experiences.
We also are talking about the social network that we want to include with other networks in the country and through which we would like all people to have access, indiscriminately of today.  This is the experience of our club.  We would like to thank you for the opportunity to have contact with you from Cuba.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you to our friends from Cuba.
[ Applause ]
-- for their will to participate in this Forum but also for this sharing of experience that represents the success story of capacity-building.
Now we're open for Q & A session, if you want.  My colleague, Mr. Pepper, is also here to facilitate these questions.


>> Hello, everybody, I'm from Lebanon.  First let me thank you for sharing inspiring and bright ideas and experiences with us but since Day Zero of this Forum, everybody's talking about connecting the next billion.  In order to bring opportunities to ICTs.  My question is have anyone developed a measurement scale with respect to sustainability and inclusiveness that gives us figures about how much is achieved in order to know how much work still has to be done?  Because Mr. Rajan Mathews from India has told us massive figures about how much money they have to spend to bring coverage to people and how much empowerment skills has to be done and has to be achieved in order to upscale the skills of the people.  Thank you.

[ Captioner does not have English translation ]


>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  I think very  briefly, there are metrics that we track, for example, right now, every month, we see how many new people are coming on from 2G to 3G to 4G, how many new cell towers are being built, how many of these are 2G, 3G, 4G, what areas we coordinate with the Government to see areas and pockets where there is no coverage and so we're working with the Government to roll out in those areas, coverage.  We're also rolling out along with the regulator and the policy maker educational Forums that are conducted once every so often.  We track the number of people that are receiving connectivity every month.  For example, now we know that we have 250 million people who are connected to the Internet who have connectivity.  We have to reach 650 million, that's the target by 2020.
[ Rajan Mathews ]
There will metrics in place in the government and private industry that track the progress.

>> Okay go ahead.

>> My name is Mariana, I study at the University of Guadalajara, I study Foreign Affairs and my question for you is following:  Have you faced, have you had the case of a community not allowing access or not wanting to be connected?  And what is the solution you have found for that type of community or that type of people that is not open for change?
.

>> R. MATHEWS:  We have had problems with electromagnetic field expossier.  We have had area when people we say we want to put up connectivity, say we do not want connectivity because we're concerned with the health impact of the emissions from mobile towers.  We have had to conduct a massive educational programme, the Government has had to come in.  We've had to include doctors and health professionals but this is an example when people have said, no, we don't want connectivity because of health hazards.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  I think that Edmon has something to say, as well.

>> E. CHUNG:  I think that's a great question, and part of the work I mentioned a little bit the elderly, they are a group that is sometimes says:  I don't want to touch this technology.  Just go away.
And the way we approach it is, first of all, it's a matter not of -- usually the push-back is about they worry about the dependency then upon the technology.  They've heard a lot of bad things about it.  So two things we usually bring along, one is why they want to use it.
And the first thing that's important is to make it useful for their daily lives.  They are becoming more distant with their grandchildren, and if they want to connect with their grandchildren, which every one of them wants to, they need to use the technology.  Once they use it the first time, they're hooked, and that's very important, to create an environment that  they -- it solves some of the problems  immediately, and that's part of what I mean by run before they walk.  Get them to actually use the technology first.
And also to explain thereupon to improve the skills, but I think the main aspect is really to expose them, but not make them feel that they need to be then dependent on it.  Make sure that they can actually Master the technology and they can always put down the phone.  That's an important aspect I think in terms of pushing back on the ones who push back on capacity-building.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Agreed.  I see that we have two questions, and a colleague has something to add, as well.

>> In our experience with telemedicine in Egypt which is supported by the Government of health and communication we found to the opposite, in areas where there was no Internet connectivity, when they heard about the merits of telemedicine in nearby villages it actually enticed people to work to develop and put Internet connectivity or even improve the bandwidth in that region so if you prove success I think people -- it's not easy, it's difficult but it can work the other way around, as well.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, Dr. Abdel Aal.  We have two questions, one question here.  Please present yourself.

>> My name is wisdom Donkar from Ghana.  I have a small contribution here.  Thousands of specialized collaborations between public actors and Government, businesses will be required in order to fully implement the SDGs by 2030.  Although infrastructure projects of engineering the greatest attention in this regard, they represent only one of many essential forms of public-private cooperation across the SDGs landscape.
Now, different sectors are providing many pilots and experiments from which crucial lessons can be drawn.  Some are good, some are bad.  So for this reason and in my thinking for us to fully reach the SDGs, we need to create that enabling environment, and when I see the following as the environment that we need to create for us to fully reach the SDGs, one is the infrastructure.  Without infrastructure, I don't think reaching the SDGs would be possible.  We need the infrastructure to be able to create the enabling environment.
Should be shared infrastructure.  And we also have to think about content, content is very important.  And then we have to start actually talking to our Government to start opening up  data, so we need data to actually inform what is going on, and in will bring about transparency and if there is transparency, there will be trust between the citizens and Government and will also bring about accountability and then it will bring about innovation and then jobs.
With data, our students can actually use it to kind of create their own jobs, entrepreneurs.  That in itself will actually create employment for the masses and all that.
And then we also have to consider the judiciary and the law enforcement.  We need to bring them to speed, because most of the issues that is going on within our countries, I mean, concerns the judicial and law enforcement.  If they don't know about Internet Governance, the business that is going on, it will not help.
And then we also have to start showing impact, and if possible, we have to start bringing our grandmothers from the rural areas to come to IGF, to have them come and share some of their experiences, what they are going through and all that, and I believe this in itself will help us reach the SDGs.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you very much.  I think we have three parties to the answer.  Mr. Berger and Mr. Echeberria.  Have you some element of comments or answer?

>> Again to reiterate the point we made was the massive amounts of infrastructure.  Let me give you parameters, today in India we have 500 million cell towers, 50 embassies switching centers each of which are several million dollars so as I said the magnitude of the investment is about 10 billion U.S. every year the next several years.  We've just begun to roll out 3G and 4G and we have to cover the whole country in order to be able to afford the InterConnecttivity so the massive amounts of investment.  That can only be done in partnership with the Government.  If the Government does not provide the enabling policies and the regulatory -- just recently we just talked about right away.  It is extremely difficult to acquire land or sites for putting up cell towers of health and other so support of the Government is absolutely essential.
[ Rajan Mathews ]

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Allow me to give the floor to Mr. Berger.  So Mr. Berger, go ahead.

>> G. BERGER:  Thank you for that point from Ghana.  Certainly the environment does require those points of infrastructure, content, transparency, as you said.  I think what's relevant to this panel is it needs capacity, also.  It needs the competence of the grandmothers.  They should know what are the opportunities to use the Internet.  What are the problems?  They should know how to use it for personal work, personal relations, family relations, grandchildren, but also how they can use the Internet for Sustainable Development more broadly.  So that means using it not just for personal reasons but also for societal reasons.
And this doesn't come naturally.  People have to experience some empowerment.  Self-learning, participation in online learning, participation in offline learning, to realize this is the most incredibly powerful technology but you can have the technology, if you don't have the competence to use it, you will use, what, 5% of its  potential.  Thank you.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you.  Raul, please?

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Thank you very much.  That was a great speech.  In fact, you should have been here on the stage.  Thank you very much for that.
And I will just mention a couple of things you say.  Of course, I agree 100% with the enabling environment.  We have to promote the enabling environment, therefore promote investment, for promoting innovation.  I think consolidating and innovation in the ecosystem is crucial.  That's very important.  And also for promoting entrepreneurship.
And -- but the other point you mentioned about private-public partnerships and Sustainable Development Goals, that's very important.  And I think that while for many of us the Internet has been as in the previous slot was said, it has never been the ultimate objective of most of us.  Internet has been always very good for achieving other things, so the Sustainable Development Goals didn't change anything in that sense but they offer a platform for a common understanding, because now it is very clear we have to work together not for only for Internet connectivity, for increasing connectivity, but for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on education, health care, on jobs and et cetera.  It's also a platform that all stakeholders can talk to each other much more clearly now, thanks to the Sustainable Development Goals, and I think that it provides opportunity for much more private-public  partnership and I hope that it happens.
And thank you very much again.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you, thank you, Mr. Raul.  The floor, Madam Martinez?

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Madam Chair, retaking the topic of how to improve and to promote appropriation, I think it's the communities that have to be the owners of the process.  In Mexico, we've learned this.  We've got excellent examples.  The Government has just headed a very large tender process because we want to ensure that all of the infrastructure is available to all wholesalers, and then we want to have local processes that are owned by the community.  They need to administer the network, and the service, and alliances with Civil Society is also very important that enables us to have processes for appropriation and development of capacities as our friend from UNESCO talked about.
Understanding the Internet, how a network  works, at the community level, is very important, to learn how to manage one's rights has to be done at the community level, as well, to learn how to use and to give meaning to that usage will vary from community to community, so that example of multistakeholders and community-based level will enable the Internet to have an impact in each community that's managing and responsible for their network, within the telecommunications system.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  -- two other questions in the room.  One there, please.

>> Good afternoon.  My name is morris owe Kiros and I study at the University.  I agree completely with what was said.  It's very important to provide training to people in order for them to make good use of the Internet, to see how the Internet is going to be used for education, work, Government, et cetera but my question is:  What are the programmes that are being implemented or developing or going to be undertaken to be able to provide that type of education?  Another question is, if the scope is the same as the supply that we're seeing.  Can we have on an equal footing the demand that we have and the scope and reach we have or is it always going go unequal or uneven playing field?

>> A. YOUSSEF:  -- can reply, can answer this question.


>> Y. MARTINEZ:  There are many programmes and fora such as this are great spaces.  Today as of  5:00 p.m. there's a Forum on best practices within the within WSIS, and Raul shared the youth programme and I think that's one of the most important initiatives for generating awareness and interest on the processes that exist in Internet Governance.  And the most important is that we all take part.  Make the most of these spaces so as to get to know the actors, see who is who, what innovative practices are being undertaken in other countries such as the case of Cuba we just saw, the example of our colleagues from Egypt when we're sharing also experiences, from Mexico.  These are spaces where we learn, where we generate networks, where we understand that any idea is valid.
This is a space in which we can generate the best ideas for exponential projects so I would invite you to the Forum at 5:00 p.m. where we'll have innovative practices, put on the table.  At  5:00 p.m., room 4.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  I think Mr. Loeb from AT&T has something to add to the answer.

>> E. LOEB:  I think the question about digital literacy is so interesting and sometimes I think Rajan, even in the Indian context when you have 22 official languages oh oh.

>> R. MATHEWS:  26.

>> E. LOEB:  26 official languages for the country, the challenge is there even of trying to find a platform for inclusion.
So the challenges in different places are significant.  One thing from a private sector perspective is how strong the incentive is to encourage digital literacy.  Of course it's a core component of ensuring that these massive investments we've talked about will have a demand side so there are many examples you can find.  Of course there is that first moment that was talked about of how do you first get people to want to embrace.  But once they have, then there's a variety of tools you can use, and use in a digital context, that can increase the comfort that people have, and their sense of security and how to navigate and increase tools.  And so we have done that with certain tools around a programme called  Digital You and it has had some effective impacts and I'm sure that there are many other examples from many other companies, as well.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you.  Mr. Mathews?

>> R. MATHEWS:  In India certainly one of the great enablers is almost a push strategy where the Government has now had an act in place that every Governmental Department must have forms on the Internet or accessible through the Internet, must be all digitized, and so even simple things like booking a train ticket, which obviously the masses use, can be done online.
So people are finding out that they don't have to go at 2:00 in the morning to stand in line, but they can access this.  The Government has started these common Service Centers, where you can go and use a common facility even if you don't have the owned facilities, you can have shared facilities, and this is also proving an attraction, and because of this push strategy, people are finding that they must learn, they must access, and of course, affordability is already there, because service affordability is existing in India.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you very much, Mr. Rajan, for this explanation.  I think we have another question, the final question, because it is now  12:12 so we have some today.  I would like to give the floor to my colleague, Mr. Pepper, to  finalize.
But before, this question, one question here, and after by the Rapporteur.  Here, please.  Excuse me.  You have a question there.
Thank you.

>> Good afternoon.  My name is Daniel Roscoe Garcia, I'm from here in Mexico.  I've been listening to what is being said in the Forum.  I'm interested in the following:  If in the countries where you live have created a law or regulated to compel the authorities and the Government and to create a culture of Internet, because you speak of strategies, protocols, et cetera, but is there a law or a regulation in your countries that has been implemented elsewhere for that matter?

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you.  Madam Chairman, can answer, please.

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Yes, Mexico undertook a very important Constitutional reform so that the Internet is a Constitutional right.  We're one of the few countries that has that right and by law we have to via have a policy of inclusion that falls under the responsibility of the State and that's the National digital strategy and by law, all digital mechanisms for citizen interaction, for people for instance with disabilities, also is included there, so there are important initiatives for education, for instance, to provide classrooms under the new educational model, with devices, so that there could be monitoring and follow-up of the classes and of the teachers, and for mass training on computers so that we have a new generation of Mexicans that can make the most of the Internet and digital technology.
So in Mexico, we have one of the best examples of a Government that's committed and that has made the Internet a right in the Constitution.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  The floor to Mr. Raul, after Mr. Berger.

>> G. BERGER:  Right, I'm going to speak now with my Uruguyan cap on, not from The Internet Society.  Although there's no law in our country that makes that compulsory, it's not the only way of having public policy.  In Uruguay there are very intense public policies in terms of making access available to all, connectivity to 100% of the country, 100% of schools and students have their own computers.
Where they are connected, they're online 24 hours a day.  And even the teaching of English comes into the schools via the Internet.
[ Raul Echeberria ]
And now there's a project linked to what Edmon was saying earlier, using the experience of that educational plan for teaching adults with the same criteria:  Free computers are being given to the elderly and to adults so they can make use of those tools.  The Government is committed as well like the Minister from India was saying, to have 100% of Government processes undertaken through Government platforms and portals.
We had never been able to reach 100% of that in Uruguay but we're getting close.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Our friend Raul, the floor to Mr. Berger, please.

>> G. BERGER:  Thank you.  In response to the speaker, I would refer you to the UNESCO web site, and if you look for media and information literacy at UNESCO, you will find three things.  One is some discussions about what is meant by digital literacy, what is covered by that or can be covered by that.
Number two, you will find curricula for teachers to train teachers about how to teach this media and information literacy including the digital side.
And third, you will find a tool which is very useful for a country to do a mapping as to its readiness to implement a media and information literacy policy.
What we do not have, but I would really encourage stakeholders to develop, is more information about how to use the net to teach about the net.  Because it's extremely expensive using old-fashioned methods, training teachers in schools across a whole country to deal with these things.  We have to develop more cost effective, more creative ways, to build competency, media and information literacy competency about the Internet by using the Internet, and that is a challenge for us to do.

>> A. YOUSSEF:  Thank you very much, thank you a lot.  Now I want to pass this to my colleague Mr. Pepper to tell you that when our friend from Ghana make his question, he asked also about local content and some access to data and open data.
I know that in the following session you have to moderate the issue of link to content.  Maybe you have something to tell us before giving the floor to Madam Carolyn.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much so yeah, it was great.  You also -- not only a great question but as Raul said, you could have been here.  That was one of the points of actually having the conversation, because people who happen to be sitting there, right, know as much as the people who are sitting here and this is about a conversation.
In terms of the -- one of the things is listening to the conversation about capacity-building, we kept coming back to content, we consciously, by the way, had the capacity-building part of the discussion and then flowing into the next discussion, which is about local content, local language, relevant content, and that kept already coming up, whether it was, you know, the responding to the earlier question about how do you get people to be interested, and you have grandparents connecting with their grandchildren.  That's relevant content, very relevant content.
The data, the ability for people to use the Internet, to learn about the Internet, right, as Guy just said.  That's part of the local content, relevant content.  And I don't think we can really separate these things.
And so we're going to -- Carolyn is now going to sort of pull out some pearls of wisdom, some points, and then we're going to move into a focus on relevant content.  Because what we're hearing over and over again is this is what's so  important, because if we just have the connectivity, and we're not using it, so what?  Right?  And it's the content that makes it relevant and that makes it useful and it's the content that allows us to benefit from being connected to the Internet.
And so, you know, also, Yolanda, the questions about the universities and the training and all the programmes here, making the Internet -- access to the Internet as a Constitutional right, these are all interrelated.  And these are really, I think, some great points.
So our Rapporteur, it's yours.

>> C. NGUYEN:  Great.  Thank you so much for such a rich discussion so I'll try to summarize.  If there are two words that I would summarize a discussion, use to summarize the discussion, it would be holistic and open-mindedness in terms of approaching the obstacles for inclusive growth.  So there are basically three things.  The first one is that there is a need for a more holistic approach to capacity-building to achieve the SDGs and inclusive growth.  There is recognition that access is the necessary but certainly not sufficient condition to achieve inclusive growth and that goes right back to what pep e-Per said regarding the need for content so it's the need for both the supply side as well as the demand side.
Some of the factor that should be taken into consideration in terms of capacity-building, capital investment are needed to build out both the supply and the demand side.  Literacy, the ability for people to enable and understand the content that's online.
Technology is sort of a given factor.  But one of the things that keeps on coming up a lot is the need for enlightened policy and regulation and legal framework.  It ranges from -- well, I should say that there is absolute agreement in terms of support from the Government to encourage investment, that includes things like Universal Service Funds, tax reforms, encourage innovation, National broadband plans, and then we have two really great examples in terms of Mexico, where there is a law that says Internet is a Constitutional right, and in Uruguay where there's a law but ubiquitous connectivity so it's very clear that regulation and legal framework are absolutely necessary for achieving growth.  But the one underlying element in terms of meeting this holistic approach is that multistakeholder and partnership are absolutely necessary and as was pointed out by our participant from Ghana, because that gets right at the issue of trust, with transparency and accountability, and also what's critical is the need to involve the local communities, local process management, the local communities really need to buy into the benefit that they will be getting.
So that's one in terms of a more holistic approach to capacity-building.  Secondly, there's a need to have an open mind in approaching the issue of capacity-building.  What was said is that technology is really fundamentally transforming societies and Government services.
The SDG takes the conversation from a primarily technical conversation to one that is more socioeconomic.  And the SDG gives a common platform for understanding what's involved in terms of National development, and therefore the need to have an open mind in how to approach this and achieve the goals.  Things that used to work will no longer work.  So some of the examples that were brought up in terms of an open mind, there's a need to have a more holistic approach to educating the user and communicate the benefit to each individual user so UNESCO has an approach about information literacy, where it is about not just about connecting but also understanding the Internet, understanding their rights and how to use the Internet to realize everyone's potential.
People need to experience the empowerment personally so the recommendation in terms of "run before walk," communicate the benefit to them.  Let them know what the empowerment feels like and what the need -- the benefits are, so that they can become involved in the process, but also are motivated to get online.
New approaches in terms of peer learning, and I would say that the peer learning also applies to all of us:  The IGF community, and also the policy stakeholder community that's involved.  Take note of what works and the context in which these practices were deployed, as well.  So a recommendation almost establish potentially for an intersessional work, best practice -- I'm sorry, policy options for inclusive growth and capacity-building.  And then lastly, this was brought up and I think it's really a critical point in terms of the importance of metrics, not just to measure progress, but also to understand the magnitude of the investments that's absolutely needed to achieve the inclusive growth.

>> R. PEPPER:  Great summary, Carolyn.  Thank you.  We're going to move into the next  discussion, which is going to focus on relevant content.  Some of the people are going to be staying up here and some people are going to be moving and some people in the audience are moving up here so why don't we do that?
While we are doing that, I do want to respond to the question from our colleague from Ghana about data.  So there is a -- we had a session yesterday.  There's a project called one world connected, and they have a booth out there and they have some really great information, and it's looking at existing -- at real-world projects and identifying the data that we can you'd to  evaluate, to plan, to diagnose gaps, and it's being led by Professor Yu from the University of Pennsylvania so there's an entire session called:  Where's The Data?  And one of the recommendations from one of our colleagues and participants in that discussion, Allison Gillard from South  Africa, was that we need to think about creating and have access to data that's available publicly, so the data becomes almost a public good.
I like to talk about a data commons, because we need good data to make decisions, to identify what are the gaps and how do we close the gaps.  So your question about access to data I think is essential.  Answering that question is essential as we move forward so that we can do the types of planning and have the understanding that we need to move forward.
So thank you for asking that question.
So we now are going to move into the discussion on relevant content, language, and what does that mean.  We're going to start with Daniel, we're going to start with you.  You know him from the first panel, first discussion session, on inclusion.
And then we'll move to Raul and then we'll pick up some others, so, Daniel, please.

>> D. ABADIE:  The more local the content is, more penetration the Internet has in the  community.  If organizations, Governments and competence have not understood that yet, well, they're missing a part of the snapshot of how the world works, and the Internet ecosystem works, but the 62% in Argentina has access to Internet.  38 lacks.  It's not all a Rosie picture, so one year ago, 1,000 points of contact had no Internet connection, and the Ministry of Communication launched a fiber optics project to connect the  1,000 local Governments that had no possibility of improving their systems and to reach out to their citizens and provide a better service, and at the same time, a process to provide wi-fi free of charge in the main squares was implemented to fulfill the goal of connection.  But connection does not equal access.  It has to do at a local level, we have to stimulate the traditional ways of using local content, not geographically but I mean locally at a village level, at a city level, and that is linked to inclusion.
And as we discussed in the first part of this three-party dialogue, when we talk about the dialogue between senior citizens and the youth we have to build a bridge between these two groups and identify how these two use social media to communicate with their grandchildren, for example.  It is all about working together and that is what the Internet provides, a possibility of building a community, of providing opportunities, local entrepreneurs could teach other people in Argentina that they can sell products to people that are two or three kilometers away, so the question that people ask sometimes is the  Internet, for what purpose?  So we, as Civil Society, and the technical community, we cannot go beyond that question, Internet, what for?  If we don't give an answer to that question, we will fall short in terms of connecting people.  We want the Internet ex to expand but we need to generate local content for that to happen.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Actually what we're going to do, Raul, sorry for a second, Megan Richards from the European Commission is here and she has to leave early so I'm going to bump Megan up now, if that's okay, so that you're not going to feel rushed and then we'll go back to Raul.
So this relevance question is so important, Daniel, so thank you for raising that, because it does go back to:  Why bother?  And it's actually how people are using and benefiting and integrating in their lives the Internet and the applications.  So thank you.  Megan?

>> M. RICHARDS:  Thank you very much, Bob.  I didn't realize I was going to get to go first so this is a great honor.  It's wonderful to be here of course.  I wanted to talk primarily about the importance of local languages in ensuring that local content is developed.  Rajan Mathews spoke about 26 Indian languages in the earlier panel.  In Europe, we have 23 official languages, I underline official.  Those are just languages that are used to translate into domestic law, European legislation.  There are many other Regional languages and local languages, and we have also in addition to languages in Latin script, with funny accents like, I'm not supposed to call them funny, interesting accents, umlauts, accent grave, et cetera.  We also have two other scripts, Cyrillic and Greek for the Greek language so this adds a certain complexity but what we see is the importance of using local languages and Internationalized Domain Names for ensuring that people have access.
Now, I'm using just this as one small example of where we are in Europe and how we're trying to ensure that these additional scripts and other languages are used more broadly, but if you think about providing access to the rest of the world, using other Internationalized Domain Names and using other languages is absolutely a priority in making sure that new Internet users can have access, first, and, second, that they can develop their own content, because local content is something that we think is particularly important.  It helps people take ownership of what they're doing.  It drives the digital economy locally and regionally, and its also helps people to communicate better.
And then another element that goes with this of course is the development of digital skills, which again help if they're in their local languages and local scripts, and I wanted to mention one other aspect, which is that in the new round of  top-level domains, which was launched at the end of, let's say, 2004, approximately, a very small percentage of the requests, the 1,930 requests for new top-level domains were in Internationalized Domain Names, or in other languages, so we see that we really need to make a lot of progress there and then a plug for where I'm going next is a workshop which is specifically addressing  multilingualism and the importance of different cultural recognition in access to the net and it's called workshop number 19 and it goes until 1:30.  So if Bob manages to finish on time you can still hear the last half hour of that workshop.
I think I better stop there, thanks.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you, Megan, and yes, we will aim to stop on time so people can move on to your workshop.  That would be great.  And the point that you just made about international Domain Names and internationalizing Domain Names and in other scripts, as well, is actually a big, big step forward, because for many years, that was not possible.  That is now possible.  So that was really an important point.  Thank you.
Raul?

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Thank you.  Okay, we know that we have been talking for a long time about the infrastructure, deployment, but we know that infrastructure is not the only driver for connectivity.  Really the Internet has to be relevant for the people.  If not, we are seeing in many parts of the world where the infrastructure is available that not everybody is connected and there are a high percentage of people that are still unconnected.
So one of the factors for making the Internet relevant for the people is the local content, and that's quite obvious, and local content but also in local languages, and in some countries in Latin America for example, in Central America to be more precise, that everybody assume that the Spanish is the language that everybody speak, but there are significant percentage of people that speak native indigenous languages and they are an alphabet in Spanish so we don't have content available in their languages, we are losing a huge percentage of the population, and they will never be connected.
Another way to -- is that when we talk about content, it's a very broad thing, because also services are formal local content and Government services are the most clear example.  This is one of the things that is in the most easy things to deploy that make really Internet relevant for other people.  The interaction with the Government is a very key factor for driving connectivity.  And the other things also the colleague Alejandro Pisanty talk to me yesterday about that that is very important is also the opportunities for making money so we have very good opportunities in the world that we do especially in India with our community network projects where we see that the people that we connect have the opportunity to double their incomes, and some Governments that use it to have incomes and now are having $200 income per month, which is a significant amount in their countries.  Just providing services to the neighbors, helping them to interact with the Government, selling things, buying things, and this is also motivation for connecting the people.  It's a way also to local content.
And the ISPs that we work a lot in improving the interconnection are very important that make the content to stay local, and improve the cost but also improve the experience of the users, and so it's having -- it's about having more content available, local content in local languages, and also improving the experience of the users.  And this is a cycle.  Because if we have local content and better experiences we have more users.  If we have more users we have more investment.  If we have more investment, so we have the infrastructure and so we close the cycle.
And thank you.  That's time out.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Doctor, please?

>> So I've introduced myself in the morning.  A couple of points that change a little my mind set is that we first of all the Internet has a life of its own so governing it is a big challenge of course, and the second point is about Government, local Government, and the idea is that governments can be obstacles or can be facilitators and it's important to have people like my dear friend José here who acts as a facilitator between the heavy bureaucracy of the working and the actual working environment and I'll go into the -- our  telehealth programme which talks about content as well as delivery of actual health care.
So when we looked at our programme, we started by going to the underprivileged, underserved populations in remote area in Egypt and we set up with the help of the Telecommunications Sector an Internet, a telemedicine programme where we can help these remote areas and we started producing success and building on that, the remote doctor, the primary care doctor in the remote area started learning on the job while doing the actual interactions with the super Specialists at Cairo University so we added another part which is an online curriculum so the doctor will learn some information and he will go online and we couple that with an awareness campaign to the actual public, written in a local or a video session, targeting particular diseases or problems in this local area, but with a mind set that we are also, Internet is global so we are looking at exporting this information to other places.
[ Wael Abdel Aal ]
We are working close with the Government as well as with the funding communities.  So we are aligning with people who can fund such structures and attracting them to the programme, and looking at very well established ecosystems to sustain and progress, and it's becoming quite successful from one or two pilot studies.  We now have about 40 centers working all together and we have a demand to expand through the next year, so this was just a little bit of a synopsis so we're tying education awareness with actual delivery of health care, and moving forward with the programme expanding it.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  It's a great  example.  I was thinking also in your earlier intervention about the health care and remote health care.  That's pretty compelling content, right?  Because you can actually, you're saving lives, right?  That's actually a really compelling reason to be connected and get on.

>> W.A. AAL:  Yeah and as I said before, when you provide such a programme, the Government is more enticed to provide connectivity to even more remote areas because it's actually as we worked last year, only in travel money not medical, we saved about 2 billion Egyptian pounds per year, only travel money.

>> R. PEPPER:  Yeah, that's pretty compelling and it's based on content.

>> W.A. AAL:  Rather than the immediate excellent health.  We changed the medical result by 35%, in the local community, with no travel, and saving a lot of money so it's pretty much compelling but you know, Governments work in slow motion so you have to keep on having people José to really work along -- it's extremely important and to have perseverance because things are not going to happen overnight.

>> R. PEPPER:  Exactly, so that's why sometimes I refer to myself, I'm an optimist, but I am a very impatient optimist.

>> W.A. AAL:  And additional part is that when you provide this health care umbrella, other people from other nations around you can tap into it so we're looking now at the Nile basin so we already have provider doctors around from Cairo University so we're starting to work with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to implant in Nile  Basin clinics will which will not add any burden to our already scheduled physicians but you also have to be aware that it's not only what you want to do, it's what others need, so what do they  need?  What kind of expertise do they need?
So it's a very fantastic journey and adventure that I think has got me over here from being a physician looking at patients.

>> R. PEPPER:  This is great.  So really thank you for coming.  Dr. Liu.

>> C. LIU:  Thank you.  Thank you for providing me such an opportunity to address the issue of the Big Data for the Sustainable Development Goals and the local content.  We are in the Big Data society now.  So many Europe of new data created every  day.  More and more people are involved in the data activities.  Since the Sustainable Development Goals issued last year, almost each of the stakeholders are looking forward to developing the data sites related with the Sustainable Development Goals.
Since the goals, there are 17 goals and 169 target issues and the topics.  The data is so diverse and so complicated so no single organization can do it all.  So it is necessary to develop the data with the local content and using the Internet technology, networking globally.  How to do it?
Here, I take our experience to our case, so we share this with you.  So, one, first of all, so we need a common understanding by the methodology, top-down methodology, so we work with the global observation and the ICSU, data system, ICSU  co-data and several other International Organizations to develop the data sharing principles.
So in the year before last year, we worked together in the Nairobi, focused on the developing countries, so we issued the data sharing in developing countries.  We called this Nairobi data sharing principles, so we got a common understanding, so full and open data for free to share is the further research communities, we got a common understanding.
We know in the data we have three parts of the data.  One is Government data.  Second is the research community data, is funded by the public funding.  Third one is private commercial data  set.  So I am working on the research data, and this is mostly from the Institutes or  universities.
Second one, after we got a common understanding of the full and open data for all, so we need to take the principles into action, by bottom-up methodology.  So we make sure each of the data sets get peer reviewed and including all information, including the metadata, data paper, and the data products, to make sure each of the data sets the Regional ones, are accessible, reliable and useful, with intellectual property protection.
After this, third one, we build up specific target data publishing and the sharing infrastructure.  So I have this -- I think you have this sheet.  In this part, we have the web site here.  This is a case.  So the fourth is the networking globally.  Each of these we have the  DUI, digital objective identifier, a link to the 35 journal publishers, researcher ID, geodata core, the data system and the co-data developing countries infrastructure and so on.  So we make sure this data in the local content not isolated, but linked and contributed to all the world.
And the fifth, the capacity-building, since it's Big Data is a new issue in the world, especially we use the training workshops during the last 14 years.  We work co-data so set up approval in developing countries.  This is the unique team in the world focused on the data issue in developing countries lasting for more than 40 years.
So we have workshops in China, Mongolia, Colombia, Brazil, Cuba, South Africa, and Kenya, and next year, we will have our training workshop in India, and Madagascar.  From our experience, we realize, one, open data.  We agree to benefit not only scientific community but all society, is capacity for developing countries.
Second, bottom-up methodology is necessary and critical issue so we suggest that you continue to pay more attention to the local content in the bottom-up methodology.
Third one is dealing locally networking  globally is an efficient way to help developing countries so I'm sure if we do this, we will  really benefit not only society, but data contributors themselves, too.  Thank you.


>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much.  Another kind of content is the Big Data, right?  It's the data we're going to be using and getting the benefits.  Great point.  Thank you very much.  Next is Eric.  From AT&T.

>> E. LOEB:  My pleasure.  What I love about Wael's example is it's taking something that is of tremendous impact locally in terms of the fundamental need and then thinking about the ways with technology that it just bends the curve on productivity in a Sector that stands to benefit so much from it and then it also replicates in other uses.
Another example that falls into that, that AT&T and DirecTV which we have operations throughout Latin America is in the education field and so I just focus on that similarly in terms of highly relevant local content, for a Sector that up until very recently has been fairly immune to productivity gains through technology, and that now you are seeing just some incredible concepts, whether it is with distance learning or it is with full MOOC curricula and again tailored content that can be very relevant at a local level and to reach into areas where the resources may not be there, we've had this programme through DirecTV Latin America, Escuela Plus and it's deployed in Argentina, Uruguay, Columbia and Chile, and it's using the paid TV satellite delivered infrastructure to be able to reach some of the most remote and in many cases underserved communities for education, with a complete curricula, teacher assistance, student engagement enter activity, and I high lie it because if people are interested in this, the impact has been really astounding.  It's almost 6,000 schools now that are utilizing the curricula, about almost 20,000 teachers fully trained in the pedagogy and over 800,000 students.
And that is something that has been developed from a relatively small team, but using the technology benefits and the scale and the reach and the feedback that we get from the teachers on adjustments they need to the pedagogical material, it can have such a multiplier impact.
And so again, what could be more relevant for local content than education, and incorporating the tools of technology to teach so that you are instinctively comfortable with the technology at the same time.  And so that's been a just very exciting experience and project to be involved with.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you, Eric, and the incremental cost on the technology platform is nothing, right?  Because the platform's there.  And then the focus on building the content capacity.  Right?  That's great.  It scales.
Jari, please.

>> J. ARKKO:  Thank you.  And just before  jumping into the local content piece, I want to talk about a slightly more general problem and of course everybody has been talking about the connection of the remaining billions of people to the Internet.
But as I've been saying this week, that that is not enough.  We actually need quality and  quantity.  We need the openness, the local  content, the ability of everyone to create services and businesses, no matter where they are, being able to trust the Internet services, not to have surveillance or censorship.
And we were talking about basically the quality of the Internet from the point of view of the local community, not just the technical aspect of it.  You've got the broadband and I think getting the Internet to everyone sounds a little bit hollow if it's just about giving access to a global product.  The Internet is not a cable TV Channel from the other side of the planet.  People need something that responds to their local needs and ask them to create what they need.
And no matter who runs for services, getting them in your local language is crucial so how can we improve on this?  And there's various responses so some of the actions are global such as the work we do to improve privacy of the technology.  We also look at things like Internationalized Domain Names, power constraints and many other issues and we're eager to learn more.  We have a Research Group that's looking at the challenges of a growing digital divide but there's also plenty to do not just with the basic technology but the implementation of technology.
While there's, to give an example, while there's often support for different languages in various Web platforms or products, many of these services get them wrong and just to pick on a particular wide used product that you would have thought is tested well, but it's not necessarily the case, so iTunes give me everything in Danish not in Finnish or English that I could speak, and there's no reason for that.  Maybe they don't have Finnish language for some of their content and I think Danish is good enough because Denmark is close to Finland?  Regardless of whether I'd actually be able to read or understand that.
And if that's a case in one case for one  person, but what about the thousands and hundreds of thousands of different products and  applications in the world, how well they do in that space, probably not so well.
Many of the actions are local too not just global and I'm not saying that the local actions are necessarily easy either.  There are many practical barriers from economics to competition between different things like local content and social media content and so on.
But there are technical things that can help such as Internet exchange points that are local helps you InterConnect more reasonably.  Sea cables international connections that provide efficient connectivity.  Local cloud services that use the creation of local services.  We should separate where the infrastructure is from who provides the content from how well the content matches the local language and so forth.  I have some personal content that in Finnish.  It runs in Frankfurt and that's just fine.  The social regulatory and business environment can help, removing barriers for people to run Internet or content services within the country is of course crucial, answering competition, supporting media and art communities, and so on, and Governments can and should of course set an example by providing their own services in the Internet, as has been noted here earlier.
So in my conclusion, the content is really the king here in this issue, and once again we find that multiple stakeholders are needed to work together to make progress, ranging from technical to policy and from global to local.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you, Jari.  That was  really, by the way I love the example of giving you content in Danish instead of Finnish.  So we've talked about education.  We've talked about health care.  We've talked about Big Data.  We've talked about all kinds of content.
The one type of content, local content, that we actually have not yet talked about, which is one of the types of content that actually draws a lot of people, is entertainment so we're actually quite lucky.  We have a famous Bollywood Director here, Bobby Beta and Bobby is in the audience.  This is another example of people in the audience could be sitting here, we could be sitting there.  There's really no difference, so Bobby, thank you for being here and I appreciate your reflections.

>> Bobby Beta:  Hi.  Thank you for this opportunity U I produce content for the entertainment Sector and that's actually 70% of traffic on the net in most countries, possibly if that wasn't there, we wouldn't have had this kind of development on the net.
So I think we deserve a little bit of sort of focus on this.  Now, specifically what's happened is that the Internet has become a new kind of delivery system, whether it's OTT or whether it's the YouTubes of the world, but strangely enough, it's the first time in the history of entertainment that a change in the delivery system has actually changed the way content is produced, and it's changed the way content is consumed.  I'm talking about entertainment content now.  And that actually has sort of put the entire relationship between content and delivery in turmoil.
And while there are some absolutely fantastic things about it and especially when it comes to local content, we have, and India has taken to the net very, very well so we have 300 million users and most of them are into listening to music in some form or watching, depending on the quality of phone they have, and the beauty is in all languages so now local content that was not able to travel because of its size is now able to travel, because the promotion, the distribution, everything is happening on the Internet, which is a very, very selective and low-cost -- selective and elective both low cost way of content traveling.
The other beauty is that this content is now traveling to 50 million Indians that do not live in India, and that's a very big one, because this is larger than the population of most countries.  It's impossible to reach them through cinema.  It was impossible to reach most of them through television.  Today it is becoming possible to reach them because each one can make a choice and you can see the importance of what's happening in India when you realize that Amazon, Netflix and these companies are in India producing local content today.  They're putting sort of large amounts of money in producing local content and that shows that, yes, the opportunity is there.
I'd like to sort of close this with the one big challenge that we have that while we've changed the way we produce content, we've changed the way we consume content.  What we haven't yet been able to change is the way we monetize this content and we genuinely believe that unless that part of the equation is sorted, you'll find that the content will struggle and start drying up and you'll be left with, it's very important and interesting sort of contribution of the Internet, but that's not sort of main stake of the entertainment  Sector, and that will need sort of new ways of monetization, and I think it's forums like this that should give it a focus and if you can crack that, I think the Internet has a long way to go in entertainment.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Thank you, Bobby.  Yeah, so two important take-aways I think from Bobby, from what you said.  One, local content can become global and reaching 50 million Indians with your content globally which couldn't be done before, that's a game changer.  Then there's the other question which we're all sort of struggling with, not just one part on the content and the value chain but also the distribution.
We heard earlier and Rajan is here, from the cellular operators in India and that is:  Business models, right?  The change in the business model.  How do we finance?  How do people pay?  How do we consume?  These are all things that are changing, that's really important.  So we're going to open it up now.  We're going to be able to go a few minutes over because we started a few minutes late so we have our first question intervention from our colleague here from Cuba.  And I want to thank you by the way for your work as we were planning this session.  It's been really great working with you but you have a question for the panel, please.



>> Right.  First of all, I would like to ask Yolanda, Raul and Daniel for their permission to pose my question and make my comments in English so the rest of the panelists can take part in my discussion.  If you don't mind, I'll do that.
What Robert just said and also Bobby, the problem of monetization of the content.  As you know, in Latin America is one of the areas of the world in which less local content is in the Internet.  There's a study by Argentinians that says that in Latin America only 26% of the content is local and it's lower compared with other regions of the world, even Africa.
So one of the problems is how to finance local content, how to finance the creation of local content, as Bobby said, the monetization, especially when some of those local content has to be in websites that are free for the user, not pay per view, because yesterday, in the working shop about local content but mainly entertainment, it was movies, there was other Directors there, they have a business model through VHS or some other streaming services there are today, that it's  true, it's very low fee, but if the content is good enough and have enough viewers, then that  way, it can finance and recover the investment for the local content.
But there's many local content that we want for health or for education or for agriculture that we want to be free for the user in the Internet.  We know that in developed countries, advertising industry is so huge that this is usually financed.  That's how Google do it and many other ones, through banners and through advertising but unfortunately in Latin America and in many developing countries, advertising is not enough for finance.
Yesterday, one of the producers of a movie said that she put it first in YouTube and tried to get advertisement to recover the investment.  It was not enough.  And it was an English-speaking movie, or series.
So what I ask you, if you can think about:  What business model could be used in developing countries, especially in Latin America, to finance these applications that need to be free for the users?  Applications for health care, application for social inclusiveness, for education, for all this.
We know for instance in Latin America we have an award called the Freda Awards.  Many of these fantastic applications, we have seen in this Freda award but are made through grants or donations and the history shows that when the donations and the grants dried out, the applications die, are not sustainable on time, because it's not having a steady stream of income that can serve to be there and to create new ones.
So this is my question for the panelists.  What business model could you think about that?

>> R. PEPPER:  Great.  Great question.  Thank you very much.  So why don't we have -- see if anybody wants to answer that and Alejandra also wanted to have an intervention but why don't we start with this question first.  Anybody?  Yes?  Please.

>> R. MATHEWS:  I totally agree with you Sir.  There are three theories that businesses are sustained online or through the Internet, either pay as you go or a subscription model or a free model which needs to be sponsored somehow.
Whether the sponsor comes from a Government or a donations or whatever it is.
[ Wael Abdel Aal ]
Or sponsors through companies.  And my input, which we use these techniques in our telehealth programme, but looking also forward that drying up what happens next so maybe the first part, may be free and then you go into pay as you go, or in our Health Sector, maybe through insurance, health insurance and so on.
So -- but the model needs to be individualized.  It cannot be across the Board.  So I enjoyed very much the talk about the entertainment, but it will be completely different when you tackle health care and other things.
So this is the secret sauce which makes Facebook or Google or whoever succeed, and in fact make billions of money, why we do not actually subscribe to it.  So this is a million dollar or a billion dollar question.  It needs to be individualized.

>> R. PEPPER:  What we're going to do since we're running up against the end, I absolutely want everybody here that wants to respond, to respond but I'll try to keep the responses short, but yeah, I agree completely, the way you laid that out.  And this is one of the big, big questions.  We'll go Jari, then Eric, then Raul, and then Alejandra.

>> E. LOEB:  Just very briefly, I fully agree this is a big issue.  It's not just an issue in Latin America.  It's a global issue as one example the news media in all of the world is struggling with this.
[ Jari Arkko ]
The difference in one of the trends is competition between user generated and professionally generated content and it doesn't mean that professional content creation goes away.  It just means that it has to compete in different ways and transform itself, and we'll have to work on that.

>> R. PEPPER:  Eric?

>> E. LOEB:  So the two comments and questions together are really interesting, because they get at traditional business models of sectors, called the connectivity or Telecom Sector, and the entertainment Sector, and the traditional business model assumptions have been so changed in recent years.  It's something that the company I'm with, with AT&T, we've thought quite a lot about, and it actually is the premise of our proposed merger with time Warner, and it is based on the business models and it's based on a very fundamental conviction:  The future of mobile is video and the future of video is mobile.
This is how things are coming together, and the point that gets very interesting in this for these traditional sectors, what are the business models that you can use when you've made a very significant capital investment in order to recover it?  And to do so in a manner that is accretive of value to a consumer, a good value.  And that gets at the point of what flexibility do you have to try multisided business models so you're not solely dependent on subscription or on the media side, you're not solely dependent on distribution but you can maybe blend subscription,  distribution, advertising and have direct relationships between that.
So the core to the point, in I think much of this is that there needs to be a fair amount of flexibility to think about the business models that can be used so that rather than counting on just one traditional way for revenue, there may be smaller, marginal accretive ways of achieving what you need to do, and delivering a value to a customer that they can afford in order to consume in the first place.

>> R. PEPPER:  Raul?  Oh, yes, Professor Liu, and you'll go right down, please.

>> C. LIU:  So from my experience, we have three different models, business models, in the China experience.  The very beginning we say if you can make money, I develop some content to share.  This is business one to one.  This is not good experience in China but no we don't want to go this way.  We want to open and share, and the Government invests money to this and then the international code, international support also possible so work together and develop some kind of data and share.
But mostly share in China, in the second phase.  Why share worldwide?  But later China thinks no, this is no good.  We need it globally and now it's open, it's more and more data is open, go to the global share.  And the Government is investing some kind of data, some kind of money.
And same experience in South Africa.  South Africa, and now Kenya is the same.  I think this is good for Cuba to reference.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Raul?

>> R. ECHEBERRIA:  Sometimes we have a  chicken-egg loop because we don't have bigger markets because we don't have relevant content.  We don't have relevant content because we don't have a big market.  The Government has a role in that.  They have always had a role in promoting local culture, local productions, and this  is -- and also providing their own content.
And this is one thing that I wanted to say:  Other things, we have to see the opportunities.  Uruguay is a country of 3 million people, but there are 600 million Spanish speakers in the world, or more, and so far it has been impossible for movie makers for example to reach out this big market and now it is possible.  And I have an anecdote, one Guy in Uruguay he publishes YouTube short movie on Friday.  He turn off his computer and he turn on his computer on Monday, and he had millions of emails, because many people  had -- sorry, millions of views in the -- in his video and he has a lot of emails from Hollywood trying to contact him.  He's a movie Director in Hollywood.  This is an opportunity how we can make our content available for a much larger market, so it is challenging but also we have different opportunities.  Thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you.  Alejandra, last word before we go to Carolyn?

>> A. PISSANTY:  Thank you.  Thank you in preparation for this panel.  I have a chance to study some of the documents that went behind the work that has been displayed here tell orally by all panel participants.  Congratulations, but I have a couple of comments that may still be relevant.  First I have to say I am extremely bothered by the focus on content.
We were discussing whether access is king or content is king in 1996.  By that time we always all realized that what's king is service, what's king is relevance, what's king is changing state.  Content may change state from non-informed to  ininformed but speaking about content conveys the idea of something passive.  It is published, it is there, it's something for you to read.  Content means there's a container and means someone is consuming the content and it doesn't imply the interaction and the service and the change of state.  So service that means, or value add, means someone being able to make a transaction to pay their taxes, to do something with the Government, which is very important, or to make a sale  locally.
I have an example of a girl who's a student who sells through e-Commerce but delivers at the gates of the subway in Mexico City, so she delivers hand to hand and collects in cash.  The tax authority doesn't have to know about it.
You have Government services, you have health.  In Government services, a discussion was had with Yolanda, you have to keep the very valuable information that the Government has already produced.  It's very highly valued by people and keeping the time series is very important and health of course, a great example.  We should not be blinded by the content.  We should still work very much with interoperability, with accessibility, with all the technical standards, moving your content to HTML5 so they can be available on all platforms so you don't have to distribute to each.
Also in this field, again not be blinded by the flashing nice things that you can do with apps when you can also keep the open Web standards that don't require your capacity in your device.
And one very brief final point:  You should not overextend some of these assumptions.  You should look at two or three things that are going to be demanded even with passive content.  One of them is cloud interoperability.  These are very deep technical issues that have great impact for the producers, especially for people with low money who are putting together two or three cloud companies for their services.  And the other thing is the ability to, for users to make mash-ups dealing with a more open environment for intellectual property is key for people to consume not only to consume, but for people to actually produce these things.
And the final point and the business models raised by Juan Fernández by Cuba and by other panelists, the money is not there.  We should admit that companies are not going to pay for online advertising what they are paying for television and printed press advertising, not for a long while, so the models are also being successful because people are doing with less.  Raul's friend used a portable camera and a Mack, simple computer to do the editing.  He didn't need a $100 million production.  That we have to  foster, thank you.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you very much.  Really good points, also pulling the technology back and also reminding us that some of the debate, right, is old.  But one of the things that was different I think is it wasn't just focusing on content as static but it really is about the interaction and using the content, because using, integrating it, and interacting with it, right?  And also becoming content producers is actually the thing that makes the difference.

>> A. PISSANTY:  The name frames it wrongly.

>> R. PEPPER:  Thank you, Alejandro.  Carolyn, can you make sense -- this has been a great conversation, so before we close...

>> C. NGUYEN:  Great.  Thank you, Pepper.  So a couple of major points that came out.  In terms of -- so what everyone really agreed on was the critical need to support local languages and local content.  And here's an editorial point:  I think that most of the panelists spoke about IDNs but I think it's also really critical to be able to support internationalized email addresses, for example, and that's some critical technical work that's going on between both the IETF and ICANN so bringing the technology, so technology has a large component in enabling this.
There was also a conversation around the fact that if there are more contents and allow me to use that term for the moment and I will go back to address Alejandro's point about active content and services, but if more content, I should say more active services, will lead to better user experience and being able to answer the question of, why the Internet and what is it for, which can lead to more users, and hence more investment.  So really the ability of having more content and more localized content will close that loop and may actually get us to the point that the challenge of business models.
So there's that loop there.  And  development -- so in order to enable the development of localized content, development of digital skills are then foundational to achievement of the SDGs, so let's bring the conversation back to the topic for this session.
So how to drive the creation of local content.  A couple different ways were mentioned.  One is Government services, and again that brings us back to the point that Yolanda made at the beginning of the session.  Government can be obstacles or facilitators.  If it can be demonstrated to Government that there are benefits to be  delivered, for example, cost savings for health care or improved education, then there may be potentially additional incentives for funding more Government services.
So again there's a loop there in terms of being able to demonstrate benefits that will bring in additional investments.
Secondly, creation of local content can be driven by opportunities to make money, including for example, local content can become global.  Entertainment and local services, in local language is sorely needed.  For example only 26% of the content is local in Latin America.   However, there's question around a supporting environment to enable production of local entertainment, including the whole conversation around what is the appropriate business models?
Will there be new business models that should be explored?  What flexibility should be allowed in supporting the business models?
However, there is also a question in terms of content that are necessary, such as content for health, education, et cetera.  So there's still I believe that the question of investment needed to produce content is still an outstanding question that needs to be addressed going forward.
Thirdly, again, in terms of driving creation of local content, is the ability to share relevant content globally, and here there's an interesting conversation around the fact of being able to share local data, more globally.  And that's a capability that hasn't been there before but however that needs bottom-up methodology, as well as platforms.  And here technology becomes a central part of the conversation again.  There needs to be an enabling infrastructure for this.  If users are going to use the Internet, privacy, security, and hence distribution points, IXP, interoperability of content, interoperability of platforms and open standards are all necessary and critical in order to drive this.
And then lastly, and we hear this throughout this panel, is that Government has a role in encouraging local content development.  However, multistakeholder model and process is absolutely necessary, technical and policy and business, as well as in this particular case local and global, as well.

>> R. PEPPER:  Wow, Carolyn, that was great, pulling that together.  Oh, that is fantastic.  Thank you.
We're wrapping up.  I'd like to just -- I'm going to turn it back to our Chair, Yolanda.  But I first want to thank my Co-Moderator,  Dr. Youssef.  I also would like to thank Andrea.  I don't know if she's still here but has been working on the main sessions making them actually work.
And thanking our host, our Host Country and you've done great, but I'll turn it back to you, as our Chair.  And really appreciate it.  And all of the panelists, those that are up here, those who are now sitting in the audience, but thank you very much, Yolanda?

>> Y. MARTINEZ:  Undoubtedly very important thoughts.  Thank you all so very much for your ideas, contributions to this discussion.  I invite you to continue to make the most of this Forum, and to make the most of Mexico's culture, and to continue with this engagement, this passion that exists amongst all of us.  Those of us up here and those of you down there because at the end of the day we're all very important actors to continue to be committed to ensuring that no one is left behind from access of the Internet.  We need to continue to promote responsible use of the Internet, especially let us leave no one behind.
Thank you very much.  It is 1:25 p.m., and as such, I adjourn this session.  Thank you all.
[ Applause ]


>> R. PEPPER:  Could all of the panelists, the people who come up, we'll take a picture together.
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National and Regional IGFs











National and Regional IGFs.
With























>> Welcome ladies and gentlemen.  I'm pleased to welcome you to the National and Regional IGFs.   Please take your seats, we're starting in 5 minutes.  


















>> V. LAGUNES: Good afternoon.
I'll read a message in Spanish and in English.
All sessions are live streamed and translated.   We invite you to go to the IGF website and YouTube channel to watch and share.
This session will be translated into six languages.  You can look for your translation headphones just outside the room.  Remember that all of this is being live streamed through our website and through YouTube.
Welcome.  It is my privilege to be Chair to this session.  It is of the utmost importance for us because the voyage in terms of governance for Mexico started a few years ago and today we're starting to see its results.  We have progressed on this topic in many events and fora that we have been able to organize in coordination with different multistakeholder parties and we had a regional Forum, we had a Forum of the Knowledge society and we have strengthened the conversation through initiative groups that we have generated in this country thinking of this event.  In 2003 and 2005 the national summit of ISOC showed the interest of society in discussing matters related to Internet and its governance.  In 2015 the  renewal of the mandate of the IGF reiterated our commitment to keep promoting all of these solutions that are sustainable.  We have the honor of hosting this first post-mandate renewal forum and we know that with each Forum that
we carry out this debate is strengthened through its multiple parties.  Throughout the years this discussion has been strengthened not only at a global level, regions and nations in the world are more and more actively participating in these fora.  Something that's greatly valuable for all parties involved.
I would like to thank Marilyn Cade who invited me to moderate and to be the Chair for this session.  The coordinator of this session Anja  Canun has been essential for the organization of this Forum.
I would like to congratulate the national, regional initiatives on governance for their collaborative work in order to organization this main session.  With this, I formally declare inaugurated this session and I hope it will be a productive one.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> Allow us at the beginning to tell you who this is, I'll ask the MAG Chair that accepted to be the co-moderator in this session to brief us a bit who are the NRIs and the principle, the history that we follow together.

>> Thank you.
I want to say a few words first.  I was happy and honored by the NRIs when I was asked to be a co-moderator with Anja and I believe they're very, very important to the achievement of our goals, shared goals and we share so many core values and so much more that I'm very, very happy to be here and looking forward to the next three hours.
The second reason I was so happy was to be able to work more closely again with Anja that's done tremendous work this year.  You'll see why in a few moments when she goes through some of the slides and some updated statistics.  It is probably appropriate that we also thank the donors to the IGF trust fund as well as ODESA to help us to pull Anja in to support o this activity.  We would not have made near the progress we have  made, you have all made over the last year or so without Anja.  At the same time I have to recognize the efforts of Marilyn who has played a significant rollover the last few years, Marilyn Cade, Victor mentioned her a moment ago.  She's worked steadfastly to ensure that the MAG was always paying attention to the NRIs and trying to work with them appropriately as so many more were stood up and the work you were doing came so much more front and center.
We want to work to ensure that the work of the NRIs are embedded even more in the front end work of the MAG, topics and things that come forward here this year were largely Fed by the activities and interests of the NRIs largely through the workshop proposals of course submitted and there are many, many speakers across all the sessions that come from the NRIs.  We would like to continue to kind of revamp that a bit as well and use it even more frontending a lot of the work we do in the IGF and take advantage, if you will, of all expertise and the work and interests happening with the Ms. to make sure that we're reflecting that appropriately in our activities and vice versa.
I think there is a lot of exciting opportunities for us to work closely together in the future and again just want to thank everybody for asking me to comoderate here.
We have two quick slides.
The first one, talks to the origin, the background of the NRIs.  Will that be broadcast?  Next slide, please.
The Tunis Agenda, you're all familiar with the World Summit and the Information Society, the  WSIS, the Tunis Agenda established the enter get governance Forum, paragraph 72 through 80.  You're all familiar with it from this point in time.
It fully recognized the importance of the multistakeholder approach in solving some of the more complex public policy issues and there was at the time no specific call for national oar regional IGFs but paragraph 80 of the Agenda encouraged the development of multistakeholder processes at the national, regional, international level to discuss and collaborate on the development of the Internet.  I think there's been a notion that we would have these efforts working in cooperation with the global Forum.  They really began to take shape in early stages in 2006, when the first IGF was held and really came in their own over the subsequent years.
I think we can move to the next slide now.
Part of the core characteristics and principles of the NRIs is that they're organic, based on community, desire, need, take direction from all the stakeholders at whatever level, national, subregional or youth.  They share a lot of principles with the IGF, such as stakeholders act on an equal footing, bottom-up, multistakeholder, open and transparent, inclusive.  We share those characteristics and principles between the global IGF and the NRIs as well.
They're actually independent in their organization.  They agreed themselves to follow the core principles and characteristics of the  IGF.  In order to be identified with the IGF and to be listed on the IGF website, they had agreed to a set of basic requirements.  I should say they were actually developed by the NRIs as well.  That includes such things as an annual report to the Secretariat.  There is more detail on the NRIs, their formation, how to start up an NRI on the website.
I think I'll leave it there and turn to Anja to talk more about some of the specific statistics and the current state of the NRIs.

>> ANJA:  The NRIs are growing rapidly.  I hope you can see the slide.
If you look at another view of the records over the three mandates that the IGF had, you will see that there is a significant growth starting from 2011, at the end of the first mandate starting the second mandate, we were speaking about 37.   Currently we have 72 officially recognized NRIs and 7 initiatives in formation, which means they're organized internally but lack support from the community and it will be interesting to hear from some colleagues with the information about the issues that they're facing.  This is just a brief illustration that this is a busy year for NRIs where many NRIs had their own annual meetings and annual IGFs and you see the majority of the meetings were scheduled for the second part of this year.  This is to illustrate where are we located.  The NRIs are located all over the world.
Finally, allow me to tell you now after you heard who are the NRIs, who they are, what we do, we'll go through the structure talking about what we'll discuss in the next three hours.
The first segment of the session will be the presentation of the speakers on to two topics of common interest for the NRIs where each speaker will speak up to a maximum of 3 minutes.  The first is access and enhancing opportunity for the unconnected and under connected and the second topic is secure, resilient and trusted Internet from the NRIs perspective.  The second segment, the colleagues will identify the challenges and recommendations that are related to their work.
The first topic is reliable and sustainable funding sources for the NRIs events.  It is followed by the second topic, challenges in how to create more awareness about the Internet Governance and why stakeholders should be actively engaging.
After that, we'll be giving an opportunity to all of you to ask our speakers whatever you would like to ask and also we'll give opportunity, of course, to our online participants.
I want to recognize our Rapporteurs, we have them here, they're sitting with us I believe on the stage.  We have four Rapporteurs, they'll be gathering the key messages that the speakers will be sending and rather than a formal conclusion our Rapporteurs will be greeting the concrete key messages that will be sentence out to the wider IGF community.  Since we have a lot of speakers, almost 41, if you allow me I would call the colleagues from the national IGF of Armenia which is access and enhancing opportunity for the unconnected and under connected.

>> LIANNA GALSTYAN: I'm Lianna Galstyan.  One of the functions of which is to organize the annual national IGF as well as to represent ISOC Armenia.  We are relatively newly formed IGF.   This year we had our second edition.
Speaking about access and enhancing opportunities for the unconnected and under connected I would like to bring to your attention the accessibility perspective of this issue by sharing the Armenia experience on a project we have implemented lately.
It is the earth radio for visually impaired and blind people.  Since the formation of the Internet Society in Armenia in 1994 the support and integration of people with disabilities were among the basics of ISOC Armenia activities.  In 2011 as part of a joint project of the ITU and UNESCO INDECOPI institute of it in education, an Internet center for visually impaired people was opened in the capital City of Armenia.  The main goal of the center was to support inclusiveness and with the help of information communication technologies establish an accessible, informational, educational center, environment for people with visual impairments.  Almost a year ago by the initiative of young members from the center of blind people who are also a part of Armenia IGF an idea of connected them through the Internet,  namely creating an Internet radio station to inform visually impaired of their rights and privileges, problems and solutions, new opportunities and success stories through
Internet radio became a reality.
After its launch, with programs of various interests and categories, including one about the Internet, the project encounters many positive feedbacks worldwide.  Currently radio MENK is considering developing an application for tablets and phones that will boost the average daily number of followers.  Besides this issue we at Armenia IGF considers the quality content creation in Armenia language of significant importance to preserving national identity, not only for people within the country but also for widespread Armenia people around the world.  We launched the Armenia society LD this year and with this project we expect to improve the local language content creation.
Thank you very much for your attention.

>> Anja asked if I could drive this topic and she'll drive those in the center.  I'll happily support that request.
We'll move to the regional IGF of Asia-Pacific.

>> JENNIFER CHUNG: Good afternoon.  I'm Secretariat for the Asia-Pacific regional IGF.  We had our 7th edition this year and I'll be focusing on the access issues discussed at this meeting and also captured in the document that resulted.
The first issue I want to talk about is access and connectivity.  The AP region has tremendous social, economic, political and geographic diversity.  Challenges with basic infrastructure and access still exists in regions with difficult terrains.  Mobile technology has become a more accessible and affordable option for rural and isolated users.  Use cases shared by Nepal and rural Vietnam at the Forum talked about low cost, open will -- openly sourced systems that can be adopted by rural communities with limited resources.  A study published this year in June showed 57% of the global urban population is unconnected to the broadband Internet and the percentage is even higher in the AP region at 68%.
The increasing availability of fast broadband has advanced digital transformation at an unprecedented rate but they create new and deep digital divides as a skewed benefit towards those who already have access to the necessary skills and resources.
The second issue I want to talk about is the localization and local content.  Many of the next billion coming online speak in a language other than English.  Localization and support in operating systems and applications go hand in hand with the creation of local content.  As improved technological opportunities such as IPv6, internationalized domain names facilitate the access for the next billion of Internet users and it is very important that explicit measures are taken to support, conserve and enhance their uniqueness, language and cultural diversity.
The third and last issue to talk about briefly, capacity building.  Digital literacy and digital skills are imperative to digital citizenship.   Focused efforts must be made to reach the underserved communities.  Critical priorities need to be addressed from the local to the national, to the region-wide levels and combine input from public, private and community sectors is needed to create sustainable initiatives to solve issues of affordable access to Internet connectivity, affordable services for access to information, education and digital literaricy for all through the application of sustainable models.
Thank you very much.  [Applause].

>> Thank you.
Next we're moving to the Caribbean IGF.   Caribbean:  Our Forum started in 2005 by the Caribbean telecommunication union and the Caribbean community.  The goal of the Forum to date is to facilitate a coordinated effort for Internet Governance in the region and the outcome so far is Internet exchange points, IPv6  awareness, country code top level domain strengthening and the building of awareness in Internet Governance concepts, values, principles and issues across the region.
Over the past 12 years we have exposed hundreds of national and regional stakeholders to a range of topics and has fostered certain, political, policy discussions on an ever increasing impact that the Internet is having on social and economic development in the region.  The signature output of this process so far is the development of the world's first documented regional Internet Governance framework, this has become the foundation for the regions IG development, helping shape dialogue, policy, practice Calling Cal action at a national, regional level.
Our meetings so far have inspired the development and growth of groups, Internet Governance focused groups at a national level and also fostered creation of national hub for participation in the international Internet Governance Forum.  There is a platform for convergence of stakeholders and to broaden the range of stakeholders involved in various issues.   There are several significant challenges we still are considering as we go forward.  Our efforts to secure the broadest possible stakeholders participation and sustain the momentum of Civil Society interests and private and public sector interests are hampered by issues of access, affordability, awareness of the importantness and the role of Internet Governance.  Therefore the new strategy moving forward, the cornerstone, discussed in the 12th IGF held was on leveraging the experience and laceration of the government structures and capacity at the regional level to strengthen, foster support and facilitate the proliferation
of the Internet Governance for rim in a national level and this is baring fruit already.  Trinidad and barbados, they're setting up their IGFs and they'll hold a meeting soon.   Other countries, have also signaled intentions to mobilize their national communities.
For all countries the goal is the tame, accelerate Internet adoption and accelerate Internet enabled development for the Caribbean.   Our topics going forward will continue to be around issues of cybersecurity, CTLD operations, local digital content development, broadband access and affordability.
Increasing stakeholders participation in the Internet Governance process.
Thank you.  ^.

>> That's interesting.  We'll have synergy between other IGFs coming up as well.  I want to point out, you mentioned that it was the 12th IGF and it is certainly a long verizon extending beyond the global IGF.  Impressive.
Next, Ghana.

>> WISDOM DONKOR: Thank you.
Good afternoon to everyone.  My name is wisdom Donkor.  Today Ghana is so far, so good, and the process, it is very smooth.  We thank everyone for their support.  .
Ghana IGF was convened by Ministry of Communication and ISOC Ghana chapter.  It was on the 3rd to the 8th of August in 2016 and we had a planning Committee and I'll give you some of the recommendations that we had out of the meeting.   Ghana has a very good enabling environment for  ICT.  We have infrastructure in place.  Government has been able to lay fiberoptic throughout the whole country, connecting all government agencies on to one common platform, which is the national data center.
Out of this, the Ghana IGF identified some key, critical issues and one of those issues, one capacity building so moving forward, enriching the SDGs we have decided that we want to engage the Minister of Education more to see how Ghana can begin to start the process of including Internet Governance in the educational curriculum.  This initiative will help drive the Agenda, enriching the Sustainable Development Goals.
Aside this, we also are looking at open data to drive the Internet Governance with open data because this too component, while trying to empower the students and others to start creating, looking at creating sustainable jobs for the citizens.
One other area that we're looking at, looking at judiciary and the law enforcement.  That is another critical area that we need to bring to speed.  We realize that our judiciary and law enforcement lack knowledge about the Internet Governance issues that's going on.  We need to create capacity for them as well.
Lastly, we want to start actually creating communities through Internet Governance and open data.  We want to create a really important community.  We're looking at key sectors, educational sector, health sector, we're also looking at the instructive industry sector.  This key sectors, we want to create communities, build the communities -- build the communities and -- so that we'll create that enabling environment for sustainable jobs.
Thank you.  [Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you, wisdom.  That was very interesting.  .
Next we'll move to IGF Uruguay.  Uruguay:  Good afternoon.  I'm part of the government, part of the Committee of the Uruguay and local IGF.  I would like to thank Mexico and Guadalajara for hosting us in this wonderful IGF.
I would like to thank as well Marilyn and Anja for efforts made to strengthen the development of NRIs.
Uruguay had its first national IGF on May 2016.   It had an attendance of 150 people and through streaming 900 people were able to follow us.   Considering that Uruguay is a tiny country with  3.5 million inhabitants, for us it was wonderful to have that level of attendance.
The main topics were this, neutrality network, Internet Governance, Internet and the law, privacy and Internet as development and inclusion mechanism.  In this panel, Internet is a means of inclusion and development, it is the challenges and the major achievements in the area of the capacity building.  In terms of achievements, we mentioned the broad access to the Internet available in the country, we mentioned three programs:  The Sable and the fiberoptic program for households.  I'm sure you have heard about the Sab are el prom, a had computer per kid since first grade and it goes up to secondary school.   This plan has been implemented since 2008 and computers are given to each kid and the kid can take the computer home.  They own it it.  They actually own the computer.  Since they can take it home, other members of the family can use it and the research is pointing out that most of the households that are part of the most vulnerable sections of society, this is the only
device that they have available.  This program has been fundamental to fill the first digital gap, access in the most poor, richer countries in society.  We can say that the digital divide between the most poor and the richest in our society has  practically disappeared in terms of access.
This plan includes connectivity and it reaches out to all primary and secondary schools in the country starting last year the second plan that has been implemented is a plan that consistents of providing one tablet to every person over 65 years of age who has retired or receives retirement equivalent to 250 or less.  This device is given to all individuals that fulfill the requirements and who also ask for the tablet.  They receive the device and are trained to use it.  Another of the programs that were mentioned were fiberoptics at home, the State owned telecommunication company developed communications policies using  fiberoptics for that purpose for all households, by 2020 90% of all households will be connected.   Lastly, the pending challenges ahead are in terms of capacity building and skill building in the area of gender we have to develop local content and also content in Spanish.
Lastly, another challenge is the publication of more open data so that more collaborative services are available.
Thank you for your kind attention.

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you for jumping in when I went out of order.
Moving back to this side of the table, we'll hear now from the Kenya IGF.

>> GRACE GITHAIGA: I'm speaking on behalf of the Committee that organized the Kenya IGF.  This year the Kenya IGF had over 200 participants.   Kenya is -- there are so many that are aware of the Kenya IGF that we had to close the invitation system three weeks before because of budget  issues.
Topics are crowdsourced and voted for.  This year the crowds -- the topics that were suggested and agreed on included blockchain technology, ODTs and regulation, Internet and elections and cybersecurity.  After the selection of the topics they're followed an online moderation discussion of the same topics on multiple lists across Kenya that are ICT related.  Then this was followed by a face-to-face meeting that had panels that discussed this topic through a multistakeholder approach where we had representative on each topic there was a representative from the business, from the government, they were sometimes represented by the regulator, from Civil Society, sometimes from academia.
What is it that we have learned out of running the IGFs?  This was I think the 9th IGF that we were running.  One, that in terms of providing opportunity to many people we have learned that one of the things that we're able to do through an IGF is to influence decisions nationally.  We meet as a multistakeholder group, including the regulator and the government, then we're able to articulate, discuss what our concerns are and we are able to make them understand and influence nationally.
The important thing is that it is always very good to have new voices every other year that you have a national IGF and new topics, topics that resinate with the needs of Kenya Yans, topics they relate to and topics they can see how useful the topics are in their lives.
As IGFs continue, you know, they continue to be -- the Kenya IGF continues to be a platform that gives KenyaNS an opportunity to talk about their concerns and agitate for what it is that they want and this has continued to receive policy interventions.  Again in those policy  interventions, then citizens are able to engage because there is a Constitution provision of public participation in any public policy making.
Thank you.

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  That was a great resume of the importance and the impact NRIs can have.
Thank you.
Next we're going to the Nigerian IGF.

>> MARY UDUMA: I coordinate the Nigerian IGF.
Nigerian IGF started in 2007 when the government organized it, but it was renewed in 2012 and we had endorsement of the government, we had multistakeholder Advisory Committee and it was made up of the Minister of Communication, the regulator, the development agency, the private sector, the Civil Society, Technical Community as well as academia.
Nigeria has over 250 ethnic groups.  We have cultural diversity.  We have mobile environment where the greatest users of Internet in Sub-Saharan Africa, and for that reason we need to look at how the Internet effects our environment and what we have to discuss and adopt to what's best for us in the environment.
This year, in looking at access and enhancing opportunity for connecting the unconnected we identified about 5 under connected groups, women, youth is a challenge group, old people and those -- and the rural dwellers.  What did we do?  We had a full-day discussion on this.  I want to bring to you, that's our fifth renewed Nigerian IGF.  Previously since 2012 we have been making some recommendations which the government -- some of our recommendations were adopted by the Government of Nigeria for interventions.  This year we looked at not leaving anyone behind.   These groups that were identified, what are they -- what should we do to get them connected?  We looked at accessibility, affordability, availability.  Mobile phones and mobile connectivities or connectivity, it is available almost everywhere but Internet is not available everywhere.  Internet is not that affordable and there are people living in the disability that don't have access.  What did we do?  We recommended
that we should develop local content, local language, local inventions or innovation, local technology and create more jobs.  We also looked at how physically challenged would be included in this new area of Internet space.  We also recommended that education should -- just as education is a right, Internet access should be a right for everyone.  We said access to Internet should be a right.
We also looked at what our government is already doing, what we call the Access -- knowledge access very news, the community access centers but it does not go around.  There are few that -- the interventions, they are there but not everybody has it.  We also looked at how Internet adds value to women lives, the Internet should be there to add value to women's life and we asked our government to implement our broadband roadmap that we think will enhance the Internet connectivity to those that are unconnected and the under connected.
Thank you.
[Applause]

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  That's very interesting.  I particularly liked the focus on the local content as well and rights.
Next we have the subregional southeastern European IGF activity.

>> Thank you.  Good afternoon.  I'm speaking on behalf of the South eastern initiative for southeastern Europe and the neighboring areas, covering countries from Armenia, Georgia, to Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, everything around the region.  Earlier this year we had our second annual meeting where we discuss among many other topics digital divide and we did a survey in our region and asked the community, our community, what are the most challenging Internet related issues across our countries and surprisingly digital divide was the first one.  We looked at this at our session and we tried to provide recommendations for policymakers and various other stakeholders in the region on how to overcome the challenge.  I will go briefly through the recommendations as they were made at the session by the community.
First of all, it was said that policies implemented by governments need to be based on comprehensive analysis of the real situation on the ground so they're fully anchored in reality.
The second category of recommendations, related to infrastructure.  It was said that public private partnerships are key to developing infrastructure for remote and uncovered areas with governments offering some forms of incentives for the private sector to actually invest in areas that are not so commercially attractive.
Then it was also underlined that at least in our region Internet access with mobile technology should be seen only as a temporary solution because of the limitations it brings.  For  example, in terms of using the radio Spectrum and it should be followed by investment in fiber networks.
Then more efforts are needed in the region for multistakeholder groups in terms of implementing IPv6 and other new technologies like wide spaces.   The third recommendation was related to creation of an enabling environment and the adoption of an adequate regulatory framework that encourages competition and gives equal status to all players on the market.
Beyond infrastructure, the fourth recommendation was related to the affordability of access, some kind of policies implemented by the governments allowing some parts of the community to be supported to access the Internet.  In terms of meaningful access, digital literacy is key and more efforts need to be made by all stakeholders in the region in terms of educating users, not only to make users of the Internet for entertainment or education but also in their day to day job and trying to grow themselves and their businesses, for example.
The issue very close to our region, local content and local languages and scripts as many of you know, we have wide variety of scripts in our region, we have Armenia, Georgian, several others.   And that's a key issue in our region and more efforts are needed there as well from all stakeholders and also with international organizations in addressing the issues that are still related to universal acceptance.
This in short were the recommendations made by participants in our meeting this year on what can be done in our region to further address the digital divide challenges.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  Very interesting set of activities.  For this particular question, we have two more speakers, they're remote.  We're going to go to -- I think it is the Africa IGF.

>> MAKANE FAYE: (No audio).  (No audio from remote moderator).
Send a message to all now saying that they can come in later.

>> MAG Chair:  There was no audio too.  We had a hard time hearing.
We'll come back to the African IGF.
Are we ready to go to the Benin IGF?

>> They're not responding at all and does not appear to be online.

>> MAG Chair:  Do you think we'll be able to get to the African IGF quickly or should we just pull them in a bit later, Marilyn?

>> M. CADE: We'll do it later.

>> He's now online.  We should be able to get him.

>> MAG Chair:  Excellent.  We can hear you so much better now.

>> MAKANE FAYE: Hello!

>> MAG Chair:  Hello and welcome.

>> MAKANE FAYE: Thank you, Lynn.
It is almost 10:00 at night here in Daka.  My presentation on the access on the unconnected and under connected it will deal with a few main  items.
The first is the situation in Africa, the second one is recommendations and all of this is from the Africa IGF that was held in October in South Africa in the City of Durbin.
We have what I identified major challenges in terms of access and quality of the Internet in Africa where we have unbalanced infrastructure route we do not have fiberoptic to major cities and most people are using mobile devices, but the quality, it is very poor.
It was also identified that there is no public investment in the sector and the issue of existing infrastructure.  The low access to services is mainly due to low income and low level of education and a study which was done by ICT Africa found that the high percentage of population income is spent on communications.  The communication is really by voice and most who are connected will do it half of the time of the  month.
When you look at the industry, there is a lack of incentives and high taxes on services.  As you know, we have talked about the [indiscernible] migration which is in places in most African countries.  There are issues of privacy and ONS and on top of all, there is a general lack of political will from national governments.
To tackle above challenges, the African IGF has put forward several recommendations such as a need to have access to broadband which is not only available but also needs to be accessible in terms of practice and so on.  The African IGF has indicated that public-private partnerships should [indiscernible].  Marginalized communities should also be taken care of, a need to subsidized academic institutions and [indiscernible] various programs using the Internet.  Wi-fi community access is promoted, including deployment of wide spaces to view the unutilized Spectrum at affordable rates.  The promotion of local content and open data, the use of open curriculum or  eLearning and, of course, it is required to remove them, especially the taxes on [indiscernible].   All of this can be done only when all stakeholders from the beginning to the end, that means using the bottom-up approach.  Youth should be involved and the gender gap also should be bridged.   Finally, the last
intervention, it was to put in place better collaboration between the ICT and the education sector to make sure that the persons that are trained can be readily available to put in place the digital community and with the data networks.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is what I had as a summary of the African IGF in terms of topic 1, access and as put forth to the connected and unconnected.  Sorry for the quality of the sound.
Thank you.  [Applause]

>> MAG Chair:  The sound was quite good and we appreciate you joining us so late in the evening there as well.
I'm going to turn to Anja, shell lead us through the second topic determined by the NRIs.   If I could ask everybody to stay to the 3 minutes, which I this is what the NRIs had all agreed in order to ensure we got as many initiatives in as possible.  We also want to leave time at the end for the open mic session as well.

>> ANJA:  Thank you to the speakers on the first segment.  Dynamics on the stage, I'll kindly ask the presenters to move so that the presenters for the topic B, which is secure, resilient and trusterred Internet from the NRI perspectives can take their positions.
This section will have eight speakers.  We're kindly asking you to keep up your presentations, keep them up to 3 minutes so that we have maybe even more than 15, 20 minutes for all of you to ask questions to our speakers as I'm sure you already have some prepared, questions from the presentations that we have heard.  They were all very interesting.
While colleagues are taking position, I'm going to kindly ask the presenter on behalf of the national IGF of Bosnia and Herzegovina to start.

>> VALENTINA PELLIZZER: Good afternoon.  I'm together with the regulatory agency part of the Committee that started two years ago the IGF here.   It is a very young IGF.
This was our path.  We thought and felt and we are happy that in this two years we have been confirmed by the active participation, a lot of multistakeholder, that dialogue is essential in a country that went three you war and is going along transition.  Dialogue is the key.  The thing that I will highlight is safe.
The first IGF we talked about safety in a different way.  We wanted to explore the two extremes of safety, the safety of the citizen, safety of the women and which kind of support they can get when they go to the national authority asking to be protected because they're attacked online.  We talked about the safety translated in security by the government and the State which is then resulting in complex systems of I would say surveillance and control and paranoia.  This was one of the conversation that we had at the very first.
The second IGF was more on trust, two elements, trust that everyone can participate, diversity, it is really an asset.  We had the first panel with people with disability talking and explaining to the representative, the multistakeholder, we had them talking from a technical side, talking Civil Society, academia, and we had a representative of the government.  I think this was the most important event because in a little country signed translation, having people talking about their issue in an event that's talking about something sophisticated like Internet Governance, it was an achievement.
The second element of trust was to engage the local business community, the national business community.  It is always a challenge to involve the business community in a national environment, a small environment.  We had a chance to get localized people provided to have a start-up individuals and traditionals sitting with us, discussing the legal framework that very often doesn't exist and is very low -- very slow and doesn't follow the change of technology.  We had the regulator confronting, talking, trying to analyze.  I think that for us the he resilience will come with the third, fourth IGF hoping to host a truly conversation where everyone feels engaged and whatever we can propose, support, and build an open, safe Internet and Internet of trust for all people.
Thank you.
[Applause]

>> MODERATOR: Thank you.  Indeed we'll continue in that manner with Central Asia IGF.

>> ARTEM GORYAINOV: (Language coming through English translation that's in language other than English).  (No English translation).
I'm terribly sorry.
Microphone wasn't turning on in the English booth.
However, we have solved it now.
Given these issues are very serious in our region the governance, the governments need to take certain measures, those measures are not necessarily very obvious.  For instance, if it is an extremist video on YouTube what the government does is completely block YouTube.  If something is seen on one of the channels, then they block all international channels leaving only one national channel on the television.  If there is an  extremist problem they turn the laws to be so severe that it blocks everything.  Unfortunately the measures are not efficient and they don't take into account all aspects of extremism creating an environment that it is not sound for Human Rights nor for development of the economy and trade.
Our government bodies do not have sufficient experts that could develop the measures and determine how effective and efficient they are in general terms.  However, these do exist in the business sector, in the scientific sectors and because of this, the first IGF in Central Asia took these issues on a general sense showing us how the business and scientific sectors operated and showing us how international cooperation  worked, friends if we're able to agree amongst ourselves then it works well.  Unfortunately amongst the countries per se it doesn't necessarily happen in that way, propaganda, extremism and the need to take the extremes for Internet Governance for Civil servants, Civil Society and scientific community.
I would like to remind you this Forum is only a platform.  We need to remember that future Fora need to be able to assess the work undertaken by us.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Now moving back to Europe, we have EuroDIG present with us, the regional IGF for Europe.

>> SANDRA HOFERICHTER: Thank you very much.   I'm Secretary-General of the EuroDIG European IGF.
We just had our 9th meeting this year in June in Brussels.  One of the ongoing, underlying  topics of this EuroDIG was how to create a secure and trust worth Internet.  I will read the  messages from the plenary and from the workshops as they have been extracted in our messages as we present them to the IGF annually and I will concentrate on the issues -- on the open and free Internet.
There was agreement that the Internet will be only beneficial if it is free, open, secure.   Trust is key in embracing the digital revolution.   The role of the industry and government as key players has been raised in many sessions.  A better collaboration was demanded when discussing privacy and security.
Related messages to this underlying issues were -- and I will read them as they have been  extracted now -- first, the trade, there is no trade between privacy and security.  The security needs to be a collaborative effort openness requires shared responsibility and companies and government may not be completely held responsible for what people do online.
Second, regulation is important but most important is an ethical approach from the design phase onwards and the development of technical tools to deal with the complexity and protecting privacy.
Third, it is not a job of a private company to solve public policy problems, especially small start-up needs to have room to innovate.  We expect responsible, responsibility from our companies.
Fourth, cybersecurity comes with protecting the end user with a secure system, not against them.
Fifth, intermediaries cannot be the policy of the Internet, they cannot substitute the primary responsibility to protect Human Rights although they have to act responsibly.
Six, we should work on models to extend trade to protect open Internet in line with connecting economic interests of nation states to an open Internet.  .
7, commercial designs need to look at all minorities and facilitate full access and enjoyment of the Internet.  Internet companies share in this responsibility while government has a duty to enable the full enjoyment of Human Rights online for all users.
There were messages related to the end user.   There are four and I will read them one by one.   First, content cannot be produced and distributed by everybody and recycled without checking facts.   Information inflated by recycling occupies space and pushes out other content.  Media literacy training may help but it should not be made with -- but it should be made with an open mind.  Even if you like free content there is a price to pay.
Second, access is not just about physical connection or terms of use, but it is also important -- but also about informed content related skills and education and, therefore, about having the capacity to fully participate online.   Libraries play an important role in enabling a sustainable public access, libraries can help provide people with knowledge and skills to acquire capacity to fully participate online.
Third, education, particularly of the younger generation is vital in ensuring Human Rights are understood and respected equally, both online and offline.  Fourth, last, media literacy education should cover from formal and non-formal learning settings, for example, libraries and it was first of all critical thinking and critical evaluation of content.  Education on Human Rights and democratic citizenship is strongly interrelated with media, literacy and education.  If you're interested in finding out more about these  messages and background visit the EuroDIG website or get one of our brochures in the EuroDIG booth in the IGF Village.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Moving to the national IGF of Germany.

>> This year we had our 8th IGF with a new Steering Committee and security was one of the topics represented in half of the panel so we had four panels throughout the entire day and half were on security, also during our youth IGF we discussed security issues a lot so I'm going to pick two topics, the two topics we discussed during the IGF and represent the messages from the IGF and also from our Youth IGF.  The first topic is encryption policy and how the German government and other stakeholders should design a sustainable encryption policy and the second topic is the control of exports of surveillance technologies from Germany.  Germany is actually a major  exporter from surveillance agencies from abroad.
Encryption technology, in 1999 the German government adopted a pro encryption stance, so-called cornerstones it followed since.  This means that also for the foreseeable future, the government will promote strong encryption and not undertake initiatives to weaken the underlying technologies or they'll back those into them.   Even in the Agenda it says it wants to be a world leader in encryption technology.  That's notably a different position than in other countries, but at the same time at the IGF we discuss new  initiatives to create security agencies that are supposed to circumvent encryption in order to surveil criminal suspects.
The messages from the IGF that we have are first the government should not -- should continue to support strong end-to-end encryption and also together with the private sector actively fund open source cryptography and the government needs to clarify what form and legal and operational authority the new security agency designed to circumvent the encryption technologies will take and what it will look like.
Thirdly, the government should clarify and respect not only the government, but also all security agencies, legal and operational  frameworks for surveillance when they surveil suspect and circumvent encryption.
Our fifth recommendation actually is that end-to-end inkings needs to be more accessible and much more widely used than it is now.  This can be done through digital literacy initiatives but also by improving usability of the encryption technologies in their design phase already.
Timeout?  I'll make it short.  Basically Germany is a major net exporter of technology for surveillance and there are a number of legal instruments available to regulate these export controls.  The IGF determined that this is very important, we need to regulate these export of surveillance technologies much better but the current instruments such as the European or national agreements, others, for the export of duel used goods do not work well for a number of reasons and so other options have to be discussed here either to amend the current existing agreements that are in place or also measures such as black listing companies and more emphasizing existing Human Rights focused instruments.
Moreover, encryption technologies should not at all be part of export controls.  Those are the messages on the two topics.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much to the colleague from the German IGF.
Let's move on to another part of the row here and hear from the colleagues from Latin America and Caribbean IGF.

>> Good afternoon to you all.  I thank you for the opportunity to be here.  I represent the IGF Committee program which is the regional program for LAC preparatory for the IGF Forum.
In July we had our 9th meeting in San Jose costa rica, the NIF through its different sessions has become a space for participatory open dialogue amongst all actors.  We have discussed topics that pertain to the region establishing the priorities for the Latin American and Caribbean region understanding what the topics are that need to be included on the Agenda and the discussion on the global IGF.
With respect to a secure, resilient, reliable Internet in our NRI we have discussed issues such as how to protect the open, free, secure nature of the Internet.  In these discussions each of the actors have presented their points of view because the concept of security has different meanings depending on the vision of each of the stakeholders.  The security of users is a shared responsibility that needs to begin with education of all, how to protect information, what information should be shared and when it should be shared, what are the mechanisms and which of these mechanisms are secure and their implications for each of these mechanisms in terms of privacy.  We need to generate users that are able to discern and freely decide knowing with the knowledge of the risks of each of their actions and this is one of the basic, essential topics in each action.   One of the concerns also refers to the vision that users have to have when they use an application.   That is to say when the
services are accessed to users, they need to understand the terms and conditions without having control on their subsequent use.  There is a challenge of improving data usage and anonymous use of the Internet.  We need to protect the information and the private data of people.  There is a system when those are violated but in so far as new services arise, there are new challenges for -- to the security of users that are also arising.
Elimination of data for security is also an issue.  We need to develop protocol that make the operation of the network more secure, prioritizing the security of users at the different operating levels.
Finally, with a multiple legislative process throughout the region, we need to foster these governance discussions so as to involve the legislation and participation of multistakeholders in the process.
Thank you very much.  [Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Our Host Country is not only successful in organizing an IGF for all of us, but they're also very successful in organizing an IGF only for themselves every year.  We have the pleasure to hear from the national IGF of Mexico. 

>> MANUEL HACES-AVINA: Thank you for the invitation to take part from the national Mexican Internet Governance Forum.  I am very pleased to be here.  I thank my colleagues for having selected me to represent them and I thank the organizers for inviting me to be a part of this session.  .  Our group over the past few years contributed to having a reliable, resilient, secure Internet.  Over the past two years we have organized discussions in the national Forum that seeks to analyze the challenges, increase tie ins with dialogues and different stakeholders in Mexico.  In 2013 we began in the beginning of the year and had dialogues on governance and even at that we have had intersessional work in which we include supporting regional work in Mexico and the IGF at the global level and national level.
Mexico is not a part from the points that effect a secure, resilient Internet.  We have worked with pioneers for many years and since the Internet has arrived in Mexico we worked with people working on local governance and regional and global Internet Governance and particularly infrastructure in Mexico is made up of different sets of autonomous infrastructures but closely tied in to one another and with the rest of the global infrastructure that makes up a single Internet.  Mexico is a very important link in that Internet chain and we need to ensure that it is resilient and not be an outside link.  We actors in Mexico are aware of that and we seek to contribute in our role that we have from each of us have from our own trench and we want to make it more secure although the actors involved -- are involved to solve governance problems in the Internet, particularly and closely linked to the problem it is true that the governance dialogues in those dialogues we see the particular
challenges that are in existence in Mexico and I would like to tell you about the challenges that we have dealt with over the past two years in Mexico.
Cybersecurity, attacks online, forensic Internet, geographic structure, the legal structure of illegal actions, attributions of the State for law enforcement including cooperation with authorities, the agreement, the Geo  localization and spying of the state and transborder flow of data for cooperation with the authorities.
We know this is important information and we will seek to continue to undertake the support with our multistakeholders at global level and we'll continue to work on this in upcoming months as well.
Thank you very much.
It.

>> MODERATOR: Thank you.
Moving to colleagues from South Korea IGF.

>> JUNGBAE AN: I came here on behalf of South Korea IGF.  We have been holding IGFs since 2014 incorporating activities on the Internet Governance conducted sporadically by different stakeholders in Korea.  Although we in South Korea had good experiences on cooperation of different structures on Internet since the 1980s we had have ebb and flow.  I won't go into the details in South Korea but the recent report South Korea and Internet Governance, the present and future which was shared in the 2016 IGF stresses out the institutionalization of the Internet Governance.   The main issues to enhance the multistakeholder participation to ensure the maximum capacity of the Internet community South Korea has a domestic law which specifies that a governmental agency takes the ultimate responsibility on the critical Internet resources in Korea.  We cannot generalize all of these, the government approach is often functioning as destruction or hinderance of the multistakeholder cooperation and
effective adaptiveness in expending this and the Chapel lengths of the global Internet Governance regime.   -- challenges -- to go forward to a secure Internet, I would like to point out the IGF and that maybe together they can develop the good monitoring schemes for the interrelated policies and inclusive matters in all policy making  processes, including specifying the national IGF's role in the Internet and related public policies for example we may be able to develop a regulatory base with wider ranges of information of national and regional development of Internet public policy and the government scheme and we will have the efforts of all initiatives and activities.  I believe if we can possibly use the related initiatives such as Sustainable Development Goals and that mechanism, it would enhance the  effectiveness a lot more.
Also in terms of capacity building to make all these kinds of things happen to cooperate with other related initiatives such as Internet Governance that are expanding and it would be helpful too.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
Now the pleasure to close this section goes to the national IGF of Sri Lanka.

>> MAHEESHWARA KIRINDIGODA: Good afternoon.
I'm Chairman of the organizing Committee of IGF Sri Lanka.  8 march 2016 we had the first ever national IGF in Sri Lanka.  It is a hectic task to conduct an Internet Governance Forum, but we managed to create an open, transparent, inclusive Internet Governance Forum.  It was a one-day  event.  We had four topics.  We had four sessions including the official inauguration ceremony.   First IGF Sri Lanka, we included three subject topic discussions.  The next billion user initiative and Sri Lanka contribution of it, Internet and Freedom of Expression and new media.   IGF Sri Lanka was teamed to inform the community of multistakeholder model and the discussion which it is open for all.  I encourage you to visit our website for information regarding our initiative.   Pictures, videos, transcripts and last but not least the final report you can find on our  website.
After the 10th of March we created a few projects which was highlighted at the IGF Sri Lanka 2016.  Here today I will introduce one project from that, which aligned with today's topic that secure and trust of the Internet.  This particular topic on safer Internet, you will find that in the session transcript of IGF Sri Lanka 2016, this topic, legal, psychological perspective being discussed as a developing country we understood that we were behind in knowledge sharing towards behavioral and attitude changes.   With ISOC Sri Lanka with the fund of ISOC global we created a camp with the most vulnerable young adults.  The camps were conducted for school  levels and educators within their vocational institutional classes.  Working with creativity to that could changed a Tuesday favorable to safer use of Internet and make them motivated to promote the safe Internet knowledge among their  colleagues.  This camp concept worked and we are being invited in many
institutes being handled by the students that trained as trainers in our program.
With this success of this project we're looking forward to conduct more camps and other activities with related to safer Internet with the local and international partners and organizers.  Many say that IGF is the program which isn't outcome  oriented, do you agree with it?  I -- I close my speech.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
This will conclude the second segment of this session.
Again, I kindly ask the colleagues now to take your name plates and move to the audience so that the other colleagues for the third segments can take the positions.  This somehow is going  smoothly because we have a good floor management.   Thank you, Marilyn, a lot for helping.
Thank you very much.  We'll start with the third topic of this segment, the second segment, reliable and sustainable funding sources for the NRIs events.  We have been kindly asked by Mary from West Africa to start first.  If colleagues agree, I would ask her to open the floor.

>> MARY UDUMA: Thank you.
I'm speaking on behalf of West Africa IGF, a regional IGF.  In West Africa we have Ivory coast, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togu, we have 14 countries.  And we have been holding our IGF for over nine years, only one we missed because of Ebola.  This year, it was the -- it was the 8th African IGF and the topic was implementing a multistakeholder model for development of Internet in West Africa and it was majorly to restructure the West African IGF.  In terms of reliable, sustainable funding source of the NRIs, we want to first of all thank FOSFA that's helped us to get the funding for the West Africa IGF but it has not been that easy and it has not been stable, it has not been sustainable.  Each year we go behind begging for funds to be able to organize our event.  For this, we are restructuring and we're developing a chapter in the West Africa IGF to define rules and have structure that will be sustainable and we want to be -- we want to start planning early
enough to be able to get our partners and collaborators, to be able to know what we're doing and ask them to get funding.  We want commitment from both governments, the heads of States of West Africa to commit to funding West Africa IGF as well as other stakeholders in the region especially the private sector that the private sector that do business and earn a lot of revenue from the West Africa subregion should be able to commit to funding our events.
Our new structure will spell out all of that, all that we will do.  Finally, we want to make sure that at the West Africa level we would partner with all traditional founders as well as create new ones and we're happy to announce that our -- that the regional organization called  EKOAS, the economic commission of West Africa, they're ready to support us to bring on board more funders, more supporters and it is going to be a Secretariat.
Thank you.  [Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you to our colleagues for sending notes on behalf of the West Africa.
Now I would go to the Arab IGF.

>> KHALED FOUDA: Thank you very much.
Good afternoon, everybody.  We are the coinitiater of the Arab IGF.  Our original experience was relying on the host for the main event originally and mainly financing the intersessional meetings or activities through funds from the Arab states together with some support by in-kind donations from many entities, including ICANN and other bodies.
We realized that this could threaten the sustainability of the Forum and can limit the intersessional activities and their actual need due to limitation of funding.  We established a central fund at the UNESCO based on donations and voluntary contributions from other parties.  This fund could actually help support gaps in case of host failure but we don't believe it is enough to ensure sustainability and good, quality of the process.
Recently we launched actually a process to evaluate the sessions and the Forum to revise all different aspects of the process starting from the executives and component and the different components to the processes and content and outreach and finally and very important the financial process.  The financial aspect that was devised is intended to ensure sustainability and guarantee bust results and outcome from the process and also ensure that the multistakeholderism process is not bound or  effected by the financials.  I believe that government contributions to the financial  processes is crucial to providing reliability and confidence in the Forum.  However, if there is a key message I want to convey, it would be that if the financial process is very important for the sustainability and the quality and effectiveness of the process and can also have impact on the transparency of the process then considering the multistakeholder nature of the IGF process I believe
the financial mechanism must be the responsibility of both stakeholders combined.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
Now moving to Argentina IGF.  Argentina:  Good afternoon.  I participate in this panel in representation of the Agenda Committee of the IGF Forum of Argentina of which the first edition was held this year in October in the capital of our country.
I wanted to tell you for its realization we had preparation meetings that were open to many participants and we agreed on forming a sectorial Committee which I represent and that I am proud to tell you that all sectors are represented in this Committee, something that is not very common in many of our -- in many initiatives.
The funding is one of the main challenges for local initiatives but thanks to our work in our local communities and we consider of great value to have initiatives of this type for carrying out these fora.  The five sectors have collaborated with their times or funds.  As you can see in a map, Argentina has a large territory which makes it difficult for people that do not reside in the area in which the fora are held to participate.   Therefore we organize an event without any luxury but with the participation of everybody around the country.  With this, we give it lig Ma matcy and a participation of all so that we can improve our work.
I'm happy to say that almost 80% of everything that was received was destined for scholarships to help them that in another way couldn't have participated.  With funding from -- with participation from national and international parties we were able to work on different types of influences regarding these matters.  We obviously made a detailed analysis of all of the funds that were destined for the fora but I would like to finish by thanking Marilyn and everybody else that have -- who has collaborated with this valuable session.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
Now moving to the national IGF of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

>> ARSENE TUNGALI: Thank you.
I represent the Secretariat of the IGF in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
I would say that all of this, it is still in process.  We haven't had our first Forum yet.  I would like to talk a bit about the challenges that we're facing right now.
I would like to say that we have an executive Secretariat that's in charge of the organization of the Forum and many -- the people who work  there, they're familiar with everything having to do with Internet Governance.  There is an office that's been organizing several meetings in preparation for the Forum and MAGs also.  The territory of the country, as you know, it is difficult for us to meet regularly for these meetings and so we resort to emails and other means of communication in order to organize the  fora.  We wanted to organize our first Forum this year but it was not possible because of many logistical problems on which we're currently working on.  I know these are difficult matters, as I said, due to the situation of our country and it will be difficult for us to bring participants from around the country.  This is one of our objectives.  We don't want the participants in our first Forum to be people only from our capital city and we're trying to think about
different  ways to have people from around the country be able to be present.  We're making efforts now in order to constitute a Forum in which everybody can participate and this maybe what's taking so much time in the launching and organization of our first Forum.
We're thinking about the different programs possible for our Forum and regarding development of infrastructure or violations of Human Rights which are permanently happening in our country especially regarding the Internet matters, we're looking into matters of Internet access, children security and safety and maybe you will have news in the near future on the IGF that we want to have during the next year.
I would also like to mention that we haven't organized a national Forum but in 2013 we managed to host a regional Forum of central Africa and this was a great success.
However, matters of security weren't able to be tackled in that Forum.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Italian IGF.

>> STEFANO TRUMPY: I'm the Chair of the Italian chapter of the Internet Society.  This organization, it started to organize in Italy in -- in IGF Italy since 2008 and we had eight editions.  This year, it is the first year of a tent because we're going to have IGF into 2025.
When talking about the cost, it is important also to try to reason about the organization of the -- for the IGFs.  So we have to consolidate also the organization.
Another thing I want to say about the Italian chapter, the Italian IGF, I want to give you also some numbers because these are quite important.
We have an organization that's called the  NOMADIC, like the EuroDIG because we tried to change regions in Italy every year.  This is not so easy.  Each year we have to find a local host.   We suing succeeded in organizing all of the eight editions with a cost that varied around 20,000 euros or similar to dollars at this point, 22, 25.   Then we have -- we have people that is attending the IGFs ranging from 150 and 170 persons.  In the future we would like to have even more people and to try to attract the most part of society, get them involved, and then perhaps the cost will increase a little bit.
To cover this cost, normally we have some support from registrations and also support from the Internet Society.  In the future, we have to think more about -- more about the contribution of the private sector that should be sensible to finance and then to move ahead.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
Now moving to hear perspectives from the national IGF of Peru.

>> CARLOS GUERRERO: Thank you.  I'm going to speak in Spanish.  Today I'm here to speak about the experience of Peru to organize its first IGF.   Since I'm short on time I would like to refer to two specific points which are linked together.   The first one, they're the challenges of working in a small digital ecosystem such as is the case with Peru and the second one is the topic of this table.  The Chapel lengths to overcome -- the challenges to overcome to finance the event.  On the first point I would like to mention the following Peru is not a small country if we refer to the geography.  It is not a country with a small number of inhabitants but we're a small country in connectivity, only half of the population is connected to the Internet.  In that system there has been growth but in spite of efforts of different sectors we still have a long way to go.  In this context, the first challenge in order to establish a first IGF was to create a space in a country whose digital
economies are greater every day it was something spontaneous.   We had to connect with different sectors playing different rollings related to Internet topics in Peru but at the same time don't have a space in order to reach each other in an organic matter and to discuss matters together.  In this case, -- as is the case for countries in similar situations.
Financing, how do we finance the cost that supplies the organization of the IGF and how do we do so without betraying the main goals of different parties that have no lucrative goals or such?  There is no answer to this.  In the case of Peru, our IGF, what we did, we asked for whatever the stakeholders could bring to us in matters of funding.  This was a very new that should have to be as neutral as possible, technological facilities so that people could follow the Forum remotely and a website through which we could disseminate all of the information being handed out at the Forum.  We had to pay for all of this, unfortunately the answer is yes, and we had to do this jointly but we could have obtained these three essential elements without needing financing and I think the answer to this question could be yes.  I think this is the next step within this type of initiative which will make local IGFs sustainable in time.
Also, this is a way of promoting transparently the development of give different sectors in a way -- in terms of long term financing.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
Now finally to hear from the national IGF of South Africa.

>> GABRIEL RAMOKOTJO: Good day, everyone.  I'm from South Africa.
I'm part of the team that coordinates the South African Internet Governance Forum and I will be sharing our experiences in terms of the findings and strategies we have been able to come up with in order to fund the South Africa Internet Governance Forum.  The South Africa Internet Governance Forum, we had it on the 22nd to 23rd of September which was in Johanessburg and it was our second Internet -- second national Internet Governance Forum, but then we had two -- we had two Internet governance Forums that were not recognized as national Internet Governance Forum due to participation of our government.  This  year, it participated and we had a successful national Internet Governance Forum.
South Africa has one of the most vibrant IT sectors I think in the continent.  We have never really had a problem with the cost of accessing funding of our IGF.  With the IGF that we had this year we not only had funding from the IGF SA but we also had support from the IGF Secretariat and important also we had support from the local ICT sector in the country which basically they too host what we call an annual Internet week in South Africa and for the past two years we have partnered with them in terms of having the IGF within their i week.  To give you a week understanding in terms of the i week, it is a one week event and between those -- between the five days, the IGF, it had allocated this year two days and for the previous year the IGF was also allocated two days.  I think for us that is very important, one, because in terms of the cost of organizing the IGF, if there is already  initiatives that they also are more aligned to our -- aligned to the IGF so it
does really -- it does really work in our favor with regards to ensuring that the IGF is well funded because the whole Internet week that they mostly have difficult on getting partners on board.  That's key.
Also, with the cost to the funding models that we have come to develop is that we -- we work on our IGF six months prior.  By the time that we have our IGF we have already had identified the key stakeholders that we want onboard and already identified who the other key funders that we want on board.  When I say onboard I'm not just referring to sponsors but referring to other organizations in the country, academic  institutions that also even though they don't sponsor the IGF or fund the IGF with the cost to monetary value but they do provide other support for the IGF, which is also important.
With this year's IGF we had partners coming from all the different stakeholders, we had academia and we had the Technical Community within the ICT space in South Africa and we had ISOC global also supporting the initiative.
It is very important that when we organize or host the national IGF that we come up with frameworks for funding.  In that way we're able then to have a successful IGF that we're able to also have outcomes to feed into the policies in our countries.
I thank you.
[Applause].

>> MODERATOR: Thank you very much.
This will conclude this panel.  I'm going to again ask colleagues to go back to their initial seats and ask the colleagues that are already  lined up here on the left side to take their positions as we're going to continue with the final topic which is the challenges and how to create more awareness of Internet Governance and on the national, regional levels and why stakeholders should actively engage.
If you could take your positions here on the stage.

>> MAG Chair:  While everybody is taking their seats, I have a quick logistics, there is an hour left in the session, with the interpretation and interpretation it is not normally possible to go beyond a hard stop of 6:00.  There are 17 speakers oen this panel times 3 is 51 minutes which leaves little to no time for open mic or the Rapporteur report out.  I want to ask everybody on the panel to stick to the 3   minutes.  It is unfortunate I think that we're asking you to adhere to that so tightly but I do think it is important to at least try to get 10 minutes I would hope of open mic at the end.
If people are seated now and we can start, I won't make comments through them, we'll march through the individual preparations, those are the comments that you want to hear in any case.
We'll start with the Brazil IGF and again this topic is challenges and how to create more  awareness about Internet Governance at the national and regional levels and why stakeholders should be actively engaging.
Thank you.
Brazil.
Could you turn on the remote microphone on at the end?  They need to know the number but I have no idea -- Brazil, if you don't mind, we'll move to the next speaker and come back if there is no -- we could just have C go before B.

>> HARTMUT GLASER: Here we go.
Okay.
I work with the executive Secretariat with the Brazilian Steering Committee which is a multistakeholder Committee where related Internet Governance are debated.  In 2011 the Committee has decided to organize the Brazilian Internet Governance Forum which is our national IGF.  We have organized 6 editions so far which counted with expressive participation of different  segments of society and each Forum had an average of 500 participants.  I'm supposed to talk about examples of participatory practices at the national and regional levels to raise awareness about Internet Governance issues, and there are various mechanisms that we use to organize the Brazilian IGF.  I'll share with you experience that we had with three initiatives.
The first one is the decision to use the CGI consulting chambers which have a representative from several entities from different stakeholder groups as the pillar of the Agenda of the national IGF.  We are able to increase the premierablety of the themes of the national IGF through the Agendas of policy networks and fields of rights and security, innovation, digital inclusion and culture.  Those are the terms of our consulting chambers.
Secondly, grander grants are offered to participants in different events.  Every year we offer grants to attend these for national IGF and we also organize a Brazilian school on Internet Governance where all attendees are selected from different stakeholder groups and are fully funded.   Recently CGI has decided to finance the youth program in Brazil.  We count with the participation of nearly 50 young students in our Brazilian IGF.
The third initiative I would like to mention is the connection with the organizers of the World  Social Forum in Brazil.  We produced a full panel linking the terms of the national IGF with the  World Social Forum with an Agenda named a new word is possible to discuss challenges -- new world -- and the opportunities in pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals.  This strategy aims at creating synergy sharing knowledge and building bridges between the two tracks while we are entirely open to share experiences with other national and regional IGFs.
I finish here.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Chad IGF.

>> ABDELDJALIL BACHAR BONG: Thank you very much.
I'm the executive Secretariat of the IGF from Chad.  As you know, the first Forum on the Internet Governance in Chad was held in December, 2015 at the House of Woman, the central topics were the Internet ecosystem in Chad which is a topic that was -- that helped us to identify the main stakeholders of the Internet environment in Chad.  Also all the new entrants participating.   The firm was organized by the Ministry of Communications from Chad and the Forum began with a small taskforce and this small taskforce decided to organize the first Forum.  After that, the first Forum, we created a local MAG to give continuity to the project.  In 2016 we organized the second edition of the local MAG and the main topic was Internet and Sustainable Development.   That edition -- it had 185 participants and here we had invited all participants of the IGF in November the 12th and we organized the first Forum of the Youth and we had a large participation of the Youth.  Since the topic
were the main challenges to disseminate nationally the Internet Governance with the attitude of creating more outreach activities, that was the main topic that we analyzed.  Different parties needed to participate more and I would like to highlight that first we needed to communicate, to communicate and to communicate.
We needed to disseminate the information first, what were the main purposes of the IGF and the Chad Forum was the only one that managed to gather all the main stakeholders related to the internet, academia, operators, universities operators, among others.
The second challenge was the linguistic  barrier.  As you all know, when we talk about Internet Governance 90% speaks English.  We had to translate to other members of MAG in Chad we speak French and Arabic officially and that was the first main challenge and we had to as well consider different skills because at the local level we needed the same skills and needed to start on the capacity building level first.  In our 2017 strategy we're going to create Internet Governance school to train all the local MAG members and afterwards continue by training the  Youth.  This is part of our initiative.
The third challenge is to analyze the legal sphere because are we going to create an association?  How are we going to manage our organization?  The IGF is related to the Tunis Agenda and we're going to incorporate the WSIS and other topics and we would like to identify in the different members of MAG if we're going to work through the Secretariat or through the ministry to cover more ground locally.  It is difficult to create a bank account to receive resources that we could receive.  That's one of the biggest challenges.
Also we want to help the Chadian government to link our efforts to the Marrakech meeting and we would like to also contribute so that the Internet is always open.  We want to have access to the Internet in Chad nationwide and the fourth member of the local MAG, we would like to participate in the meetings of central Africa.  .  We're aiming our efforts toker have sustainable, regional MAG.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  We have managed to negotiate a slight extension of time with the interpreters.  I want to ensure everybody stays to that so that we get to the open mic.  It is important to hear from everyone in the room.
I mention that with reluctance, I don't want people off the hook for staying within the 3 minutes.  I point out that there are timers on the stage if you could pay attention to them when making your remarks, maybe you could work closely to the timeout period.  I have to be hard on had this, but I understand it is something that the NRIs all agreed to so that we could get as many speakers in as possible and we have to do our best to adhere to that.
With that, we'll go to the Colombia IGF.

>> JULIAN CASASBUENAS G.: I'm going to speak representing the national Colombian government initiative starting in 2013 and after organizing the Colombia participants in the regional governance in Argentina with he created the Colombian panel on Internet Governance, a local space without a formal structure, which is open to different stakeholders to discuss general topics related to Internet Governance in Colombia from the creation of this taskforce we have organized 17bi-monthly meetings with themes from connectivity initiatives, growing 0 rating offers and our concerns in terms of internet related regulations, privacy, data retention, copyright, among others.  The government has discussed through the communications Committee and through the communication Ministry different policies and they're open to receive comments, the Civil Society and private sector presented their own feedback and in response they have presented other projects and have shared their concerns.  There
is this time that we have been able to have a respectful dialogue and a candid dialogue between the stakeholders.  A main topic developed by this taskforce was to look for spaces and mechanisms to involve new stakeholders in Internet Governance and introduce a broad audience in the discussion of these themes.  This taskforce annually starting in 2014 has organized an Internet Governance Forum as the taskforce has the support and participation of every single sector the government, Civil Society, academia, private sector.  During the first year we presented cases and experiences from all participants.  In the second year we debated neutrality of the network, cybersecurity,  neutrality of the net and this last year we -- we discussed Internet Governance and debate in the region and the gap between rural and urban areas, access to having inclusion, intelligent cities, environmental impact of the use of technologies and gender equality.  This third Forum was a success in terms
of remote participation and the use of social networks.
That represents how important this topic has become regionally.  This is not autonomous in its function in terms of resources for the annual Forum, all contribute themselves donating spaces, time and organizing efforts and they contribute with their own resources and third-party resources in kind and in cash and in the future we're planning to ahad dress the following challenges to become landmark for local discussions related to Internet Governance.  The development of information spaces for the Youth and to present to this topic to other areas where these discussions will take place and also to take this topic at a national level and to provide the opportunity to have more active participants, specifically the  Youth and SMEs identifying innovative ways to help us to have more participation and want to have independent participants and be open to a having more participants in the events.  We want to take these results of the discussion of the regional and global Forums.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  Very innovative way to start up.  Ecuador.  Ecuador:  Thank you very much.  Good afternoon.  I'm the liaison person for the governance panel of the Internet from Ecuador.   I believe we're breaking a record not only due to number of speakers about you level of patience that you have to listen to us.
Having identified different topics that are discussed here, I would like to say that we share the same problems and challenges that the organizers have faced at a national and at a regional level.  In terms of organizing a Forum.   We have learned a lot from the innovative solutions and different ways to face such problems and also to identify the best way to implement our national, regional initiatives.  We organized our Internet panel with the five stakeholders we have identified with the participation of more than 200 participants.  The first IGF in Ecuador was organized in 2016 and in 2014 we had talks and gatherings that were able to get -- we were able to get the important results from and then the government couldn't attend in the 20 is a Forum and we had 200 people participating from all over the country and that is a good source and we hope to organize another Forum next year.  With this report I'm sharing with you we begin today the road in our 2017 IGF in
Ecuador.  We are hoping because we have shared more of the concerns and challenges and even the solutions that we're considering to address the topics, that always happen when it comes to organizing complex groups, we hope to meet anywhere else and to learn and to share mutual experiences of what has worked in our own Forum.
I would like to congratulate each one of the organizers of country initiatives because it is very important to note your greatness, it is courage to have people sit down together to think of the best things for our country.  Thank you to the organizers to allow us to be here, specifically the IGF who has helped by funding our Forum and we would like to continue on this path for the benefit of all of us.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.
Next we're going to hear from the Finland IGF.

>> JUUSO MOISANDER: Thank you.
I'm speaking on behalf of the Finland IGF on the experience of 7 annual Forums of about 150 participants each.Al a bit of background on the Internet Governance Forum it was born through the national WSIS coordination, a multistakeholder group of 50 participants and hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  The group is open to all and it is a preparatory Committee for the Internet Governance.  I would address the topic through three points, the points are institutional support, process, topics.
First, the role of stakeholders especially government and parliamentary commitments, in Finland we're fortunate to cooperate with the national parliament with the Committee for the future.  This gives the multistakeholder process visibility, legitimacy, so on the Committee appreciates to hear what topics are brought up in the discussions bottom-up and joins the discussion in our sessions.
Secondly, how to create awareness, we consider the Finland Internet Governance to be a process rather than an annual event.  This is an umbrella for the Internet Governance related issues of stakeholders it is a channel for all stakeholders to share information amongst each other and keeps the group active and creates added value in participation.
The government is open to using the Internet Governance for informing the stakeholders and listening to their views.  As it is a process we aim to organize smaller events and go to other events to speak about the Finland Internet Governance and the multistakeholder model of Internet Governance.  We have seen this as an -- we don't think of it as an annual thing but an ongoing process.
For example, next year, in March we'll go to a fair for IT professionals, this gives us opportunities to reach out to approximately 4,000 new potential participants in our Forum and we will be providing them with content on two multistakeholder discussions.
Third, why should stakeholders be actively engaging?  The process must be able to convince individuals that participation and dialogue will make a difference.  In our case, the events we have recently held in the parliament, the legislative body of Finland gives us this credibility.
The discussions, the topics must be bottom-up and they must address issues that are of interest to the local community.  The topics have to be something that the people relate to, we have throughout years have had experiences of issues that are not felt so relevant and they are more hard to sell to the audience.
The more actual national level topics, what they are, the better the discussions and participation.  That's why annual event topics are decided only a few months before the event.  The Finland Internet Governance is looking for more participants always, new participants and active stakeholders.  It is a challenge that will always exist and therefore there is no final target to be achieved.
Thank you.
[Applause].Al.

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.
We'll move next to the Georgia IGF.

>> UCHA SETURI: I'm a representative of Georgia IGF, I'm coordinator of Executive Committee.
Briefly about Georgia IGF we have five stakeholder groups and some problems at the moment of two stakeholder groups related exactly with private sector players, players of the Georgia market and also related with a -- involving problems of technical society members of Georgia.   What we're doing for involvement of the parties, this process, first of all we created quotas in our Executive Committee, all members of our Forum have quotas and technical society members have separate quotas and they decided the topic for them, on this Agenda, and the speakers and participants in the sessions and also how encouraging all society members, we're using for this public -- we use media, online platforms, social networks, and in the last IGF we had 150 members of local society.
Thank you.  That's all.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair.  I'm excited to hear from a German IGF, the German IGF.  German youth IGF:  I'm speaking on behalf of the German youth IGF.
I'm coordinating the German Youth IGF together with isebelle who had a short three minute slot here as well a few minutes, not more than a half hour earlier.  I'll start.
I'll thank you first for the great opportunity of having us here as a Youth Forum.  The thing about feeling recognized together with real national IGF, it is a unique structure with our IGF.  The German Youth IGF is a pre-event of the national IGF.  We usually do one to two days in advance, our own program and prepare some young people for the event.  Last year we worked with the topics, also the topics of the national IGF.   We don't use youth topics as a certain special thing, all topics are topics for young people and it is not about being a topic for young people but about a youth perspective on several topics.
We have our connection to the IGF that we produce on the one hand messages which are also part of the national IGF messages and on the other hand we bring the youth into the national IGF.   Without the Youth IGF there wouldn't be probably not that much people interested, young people interested in going to the Internet Governance Forum in Germany so that's one of our tasks.
It is important to mention, I think, that the whole thing is organized by ourselves.  It is not like from adults for young people, it is from the  Youth organized for the Youth.  We decide on the programs because on application, we have our own budget and also being a part of the Steering Committee of the national IGF we have the direct input into the whole event and -- yeah, maybe also to mention we have a great European project that's supporting us.  We have four more Youth IGFss in Europe with regular exchanges and trainings over the last two years and so far it was a great experience.  I think we learned a lot from each other which benefits our local events.
We're trying to make the whole thing more sustainable and also let to grow year by year but that's also a challenge because of limited resources and time.
Okay.  Just to summarize once more, we at the  Youth work under the focus of generational justice and we want to shape the whole IGF thing from the youth perspective.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  That was excellent.
Next, we'll hear from the Indonesian IGF.

>> SINDY NUR FITRI: Hello.
Indonesia Internet Governance is open, inclusive and non-discrimination with the stakeholders initiative Forum.  Stakeholders of Internet Governance in Indonesia it is established in 2012 with the purpose of transparent, democratic, inclusive Internet Governance to support national development in Indonesia.  After the successful collaboration of IGF 2013 in B a.   Li and inspired by multistakeholder Internet Governance dialogues in other countries therefore the representative of government, private  entities, academia, Technical Community and Civil Society organizations initiates the discussion to strengthen the coordination and dialogue regarding the Internet Governance at the national level.   Last month we held our national dialogue which was a huge success and attended by more than 400 participants with four main topics which are economic, intersecter, and social sector, aside from the national dialogue we have a monthly gathering by participating in this
initiative we can create the opportunity for us to respond to the emerging issues of Internet Governance in sustainable ways.  The objective of the Indonesia IGF is to bring together all stakeholders who are having their own perspective and interest to be able to compromise and to collaborate in order to have common position in ways of understanding to solve problem of Internet Governance, we can identify this during the process and are among others first it is how to have the participation of the stakeholder and to encourage the process and activities of Indonesia IGF.  Second, it is to build awareness and trust among the stakeholder and how and show them that the IGF is relevant to them and their interests.  Third, to engage participants across the country on the issue of the Internet Governance.
To conclude, we aim and look forward to strengthening Indonesia IGF and to newer churr the next generation of Indonesia IGF who will actively contribute in ensuring the impact of IGF to the wider coverage of participation.
Thank you very much for your attention.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you to the last few speakers for keeping so well to time.  Japan IGF.

>> YURI TAKAMATSU: I would like to introduce the typical features of Japan IGF, we try to overcome the challenges, how to get more participants from various sectors and how to create more awareness about existences of various issues by devising a unique model on top of existing IGF activities.
Japan IGF consists of two typical types of activities which are mutually complementing and sinner gistic, one is annual meeting.  From its inaugural meeting in 2011 it has dealt with hot topics that were usually discussed in global  arena.  The program is designed by the Steering Committee with diverse members most individual participants are from Internet related organizations, academia, national governments.   They share an exchange of the information regarding various issues related to Internet Governance discussed in global arena.  Through these kinds of activities we try to attract participants from various stakeholders sectors mainly through related organizations.
The other is bottom-up continuous discussion which is a discussion platform that anyone can bring in topics.  This has bi monthly physical meetings whose Agenda is designed by diverse members of coordination group.  There have been 16bi monthly meetings so far.  We also operate a mailing list with decent traffic for information sharing and discussions.  About 300 participants contribute to the discussion in his or her personal capacity.  This leads to expansion of awareness, mainly by human network usually in a topic-based community or in an organization.  Also a scheme is defined and used to create a team to produce tangible products through bottom-up continuous discussion.
A stick plant about the transition and the document of the security principles is the product of such teams, by having and synergizing this, many more are aware and are involving in the platform.  We can expect the discussions to be more energetic.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Eight to go.

>> I'm the coordinator of The Dutch Initiative.   The Netherlands Internet Governance was  established in 2010.  We prepare meetings before every   IGF since athens and in 2010 we started as a foundation for the domain regulations and an independent platform for the Information Society.   These parties are collaborating to bring the attention of the dutch stakeholders and put the IGF on the political Agenda more strongly.  One hand it is to look at our national policy and on the other hand efforts are made to make the dutch voices heard internationally and to put important dutch themes on the international Agenda.  In the Netherlands we're convinced that on going exchange between the national Internet debate and international developments is crucial.  Both sides of the coin reinforce one another.  New national issues that come up can progress to the international Agenda and international insights can inform the debate.  The IGF facilitates the exchange.  The
permanent dutch position in the field of Internet intrastructure and use invites us to actively participate in this debate.
The IGF is vital international Forum where policymakers to private sector, academia, NGOs and politics come together to give joint input for future policy.
The presence of a nationallaly organized multistakeholder Delegation is therefore of significant importance.  By convincing an increasing number of actors in the Netherlands of the importance of the IGF a mutually beneficial sharing of knowledge and perspectives can be achieved in the IGF.  And the Internet knows no borders, if you want to address issues in the field of Internet Governance, including  cybercrime, IPv6 and the development of digital skills, it has to be done in an international, multistakeholder framework.
Annual IGF emphasizes the relevance of the numerous activities around the world, monitors developments and communicates results through organizing various meetings and through the website Twitter, linked in and we organize a big event, the annual IGF event.  This also is a multistakeholder Forum for all stakeholders to meet.  The aim is not only to share knowledge and experiences related to the Internet Governance but also to engage in those discussions surrounding Internet Governance that are thorny and tricky like the IGF itself it is an open consultation for participants to set the Agenda of is the event itself.  The outcomes of the annual Internet Governance event is an important input for the preparations of the dutch Delegation attending the global IGF.
As the voice of young people should not be missed in our national discussion, but also international discussion, the annual IGF also organizes an annual Youth IGF but we also think it is very important to have the young people at the IGF event itself to.
Also we organize a thee mattock is event, an important topic, it is a preparatory to a workshop at the IGF because we really want to organize workshops at the IGF if self too.  I'm sorry, I'm out of time.  I think it is very important that you have a strong Delegation with all multistakeholder at the IGF itself and we're very proud that we managed this year as well that we have 25 multistakeholder from all over the Internet world in the Netherlands to come together to join us at the IGF.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  That was excellent.
Thank you.
Next in the queue, Portugal IGF.

>> ANA NEVES: Thank you.  I'm here on behalf of the Portugal initiative which was set up in 2010 and I will share with you today the main messages from this year's edition related to the topic we're discussing.
At the effort gull initiative of the IGF it was acknowledged that the evolution of the Internet has been greatly driven by the Technical Community and the monitoring of agents such as this is much slower.  This finding allowed recognizing that Internet Governance, multistakeholder model is not perfect but there is almost a con core dance around the idea that it is the best model guaranteeing the greater counter balance and power sharing between stakeholders.  It was also recognized and underlined that there's been a continuous evolution of the role and vision of the various stakeholders throughout the years.  There are still questions about who should participate in the discussion, what role stakeholder should play and whether it should be re-evaluated overtime.
The truth is that different stakeholders are not on equal level as they follow their own political and economic Agendas and others that are not always very clear, so who has the  decision-making power.  We deeply acknowledge the need to achieve a greater involvement of the Portugal multistakeholder community, in particular the private sector and Civil Society in the discussions.  Private sector participates if we're discussing net neutrality, big data, Cloud computing, emerging technologies, but hardly if the government Internet issues are involved.   Therefore our challenge, Civil Society in the private sector, it is from the other national, regional initiatives, they conduct our Civil Society and private sector, as they have their own networks to establish the dialogue and to show them how important it is to be on board in these discussions as they share the same language.  From the discussions of the Portugal initiative of the IGF it was recognized that the greater
dialogue between government, Internet users, Technical Community, Civil Society, private sector, it is more than limited, it is only through this way that it is possible to truly Democratize the Internet Governance and share power in the Internet.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.
Moving now to the Spain IGF.

>> RAFAEL PEREZ GALINDO: Thank you.
I'm here on behalf of the Spanish IGF.  This initiative started in 2008 and it is a successful experience based on public private collaboration and active participation of all stakeholders including universities, private sectors, Civil Society, the Technical Community and the government.  They are all present on the Steering Committee.
I would like to underscore several points of the key areas that have had significant contribution to the success of the Spanish IGF which was undertaken last October.
First, using general topics from the information society that are known by the public at large social media, encrypting data as leverage to discuss Internet access.  With this strategy specialized journalists operated as moderators of different panels as to foster dynamickism, raise awareness and a draw the attention of the media to the topics and debates.  Secondly we developed a dissemination book on the Internet with the cooperation of all stakeholders involved in the Spanish IGF organized in work groups that are of the multidisciplinary nature.  The book will be updated continuously so that it is a guide for any  one interested in the evolution of the Internet and governance in Spain.
Finally, we believe that it is essential that any national or regional initiative be adapted to the local environment and that it deal with the problems and concerns of the community in which it has undertaken.  In addition to the typical issues of the Internet Governance, it is important that the topics debated be attractive for the local community so that they -- so that their involvement is maximized and guarantees the success of the initiative.
Thank you very much.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.
Next we have the Uganda IGF.  You began.

>> UGANDA: This year's focus for the Uganda IGF was to use Internet as a tool for peace and development we have seen continued growth of Internet access in Uganda with an estimated 14.6 of million users in the first quarter of 2016 compared to 13.8 million according to the Uganda communication commission.
You since its inception in 2006 the Uganda IGF continued to discuss and address Internet Governance and Policy issues pertinent to the country.  To date, 9 Forums were held and each addressed different areas, at this year's Forum held in August we had 136 participants representing different stakeholder groups such as government, Civil Society, private sector, Technical Community, academia as well as the general users of the Internet.
I will highlight a few of the achievements we have had.  The Forum is one of the main platforms that brings together different stakeholders to deliberate on key issues that are effecting the country.  Key contributions from the Uganda IGF feed into the national IT policy making process leading to the adoption of the legal and regulatory instruments such as the CTLD policy, the 2011 cyberlaws, IPv6 migration strategy and the draft data protection and privacy build 2016.
The Uganda IGF also always has key recommendations that are presented to key decision makers and some include call for government involvement in ICANN discussions including a call for Uganda to host the next ICANN public meeting.   Respect for Internet freedom and government refraining from Internet shut downs, call from other multistakeholder groups such as children, women, Persons with Disabilities, private sector and others in the Uganda Internet Governance dialogue.  Calling the awareness about strategies and ICT regulations in places that infringe the Internet.
I will speak about a few of the challenges we have had, Uganda has only two active stakeholders funding the Forum.  These are Civil Society and government.  We have less private sector involvement.  As such, few of them come to the meetings we hold.
The second challenge is financial  sustainability.  The Forum is not yet sustainable and as such we have lack of an operational budget which effects outreach and planning activities.
Also due to programming priorities there is a lack of greater collaboration with existing technology spaces such as innovation.
Thank you so much.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Thank you.  I'll move to the U.K. IGF.

>> Thank you.  I'm the UK government member of the Steering Committee of the UK IGF.
I want to focus on four criteria relating to adjusting challenges in creating awareness about Internet Governance.
Firstly, organizational structure of the national, regional Forum, that must be inclusive.   Multistakeholder, secondly, that there are advocacy and advisability mechanisms -- visibility mechanisms for promoting engagement and awareness both to the wider national stakeholder community and cruciously across government because many ministries have an interest in Internet policy and are wishing to develop future policy relating to the Internet.
Thirdly, the program design and process must be inclusive, bottom-up and fourthly that the national Forum should not lose sight of the global context of the Internet policy.
How do we apply these criteria in the case of the U.K. IGF?
The aims of the U.K. IGF are to identify national relevant Internet issues and providing an ongoing discussion to form wider thinking in the U.K. and decision making regarding the Internet, to engage with the global IGF, including in recent years the intersessional work on Best Practice and access and also to provide an opportunity for government ministers to set out their vision for Internet policy within a Forum of stakeholder discussion and interaction.
The process for preparing for the U.K. IGF, well we have multistakeholder Steering Committee chaired by a nomination, the U.K. rec industry and the partners are the London Internet exchange, London watch foundation, the Internet Society and others.  The program for this year's U.K. IGF will reflect the kind of inputs we got from stakeholders through the Steering Committee.  We had a keynote speech on the stewardship  transition, the global policy landscape, the impact of the U.K. leaving the European Union on Internet policy, the impact of the Internet on political debate, the identification and future of privacy and how the U.K. is prepared for cyber attacks and we had a Youth panel.  It was a very full program, cutting into many, many relevant issues.
Across government, we have a multistakeholder advisory group and we look at various topical issues within a sort of session for engaging with stakeholders and government policy regulators.
I'm out of time.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG it Chair:  Thank you.
We have three speakers left.  I think they're -- they may be out of mic runway there.  We'll get the mobile mic going.  I just want to point out, we have, again, support from the interpreters to stay late.  We'll have an open mic section.  We want to hear from you and I appreciate the speed of which everybody is sort of running through all of these presentations here the last few hours.
They're all so extremely interesting, I have to admit to a slight case of frustration of not being able to follow-up, ask more questions on the  topics here.  In the first instance it is important to do just a broad showcase of all of the activities.
With that, did I kill enough time to get the mobile mic working?

>> I think so.

>> MAG Chair:  I can't see that far down the table.  The U.S.A. IGF?

>> DAVID VYORST: I'm the Co-Chair of the IGF U.S.A. and the executive director of the Washington DC chapter of ISOC.
I'm very, very honored to represent the IGF U.S.A. here in this session.  I would like to thank Marilyn and Anja for their hard work and vision in organizing this and allowing me the opportunity to talk about how we create awareness and engage stakeholders in the challenge we face going forward.
As we all try to connect the next billions of people in the next 50 billion devices the challenges we face will increase in scope.
Meeting these challenges will necessarily require increasing levels of multistakeholder engagement and the IGF movement must be at the front and center of this.  Among our objectives is to generate a more informed discourse about Internet issues and policy in order to contribute to a more enlightened consensus.  The IGF the U.S.A.'s entire organization and programming process is in fact designed to maximize our engagement with stakeholders in our community.   Our program is developed through an open and public consultation and calls for suggestions which are then channeled into a survey  disseminated to the entire community through multiple channels.  The results of this survey determine the subjects of our sessions.
During our planning process we put substantial time and resources towards leveraging social media to best engage and increase our community.  We begin the social media program six weeks out and utilize our own Facebook page and Twitter account as well as the digital assets of ISOC, DC and ISOC global.  We utilize slack as a communication channel for workflow and a list serve and broadcast email actively.
On Twitter we track each session subject, we make tweet columns of hashtags of subjects and listers of speakers and organizers and target influencers in the subjects.  A key objective is to turn all of our organizational and panelists into social media activists.  We have benefited greatly from our engagement with a University and their imagining the Internet program.  This affords the opportunity to bring the next generation of Internet Governance leaders into the fold and it produces an invaluable multimedia record of our conference.
An important and even more -- pardon me -- and also importantly, we stream the entire program live over ISOC's global live stream channel to thousands of people worldwide.
Due to the efforts of our social media and web team and dedication of our community we achieve solid metrics in 2016 on the -- as of the event day, 281 people attended in person, over 3,000 people viewed it live on live stream and 1500 people roughly viewed it on Facebook and there were 1423 live tweets with the main hashtag and thousands of others with other hashtags and we received 929,000 impressions on our main hashtag.   Our main challenges going forward are to bring new people into our process and to expand our programming to other U.S. cities.
As an initiative facing growing pains, we're continually learning how to bring new people in to our planning process while balancing the need for broad based input with the critical objective of accomplishing the workflow necessary to produce our annual conference.
Looking forward in order to expand our community involvement in accordance with IGF and IGF U.S.A. it values we will establish a Working Group to actively conduct outreach to stakeholder organizations and communities while leveraging ISOC North American chapters to begin the process of developing IGF U.S.A. programming in other  cities.
We also look to engage with other initiatives in order to foster an increasing environment in which shared knowledge and resources can emerge.
Finally, we need to acknowledge our -- I'm -- as our representative here, quickly, yeah -- we need to give a shoutout to our organizer and founder Marilyn Cade.  Not only did she bring us here and actively stage manage us, she's the founder and chief catalyst of the IGF U.S.A.   Without her, I wouldn't talk to you now.
Thank you, good-bye.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  I thank you.
We have two speakers left.  I'm pleased to say that they're actually from from Youth IGF initiatives and this fourth session of this particular topic was so subscribed we not only ran out of fixed mics but table as well.
Appreciate you jumping in here there on the  end.  We have the Youth Asia-Pacific IGF.

>> Youth Asia-Pacific:  I'm David.  The coordinator of the youth Asia-Pacific.  We have been organized for seven years since 2010 and we just had our IGF this past summer.  Talking about the challenge, about raising awareness, we have talked to our participants this year.  There is no education about the Internet Governance in school and no trainings for the teachers to give guidance to students and this leads to lack of understanding on the issue and this is to encourage the Internet Governance education in the curriculum and to encourage such activities such as seminars and other forms of the world IGF.
Second point is about the motivation.  Youth can feel the direct input.  Referring to what we have done in empowering the youth dob the organizer and also the supporter of the  initiatives, and the Ambassador, and to embrace for youth and by youth, that approach that youth can actually make changes.  For the third point, I would like to mention about the continuous participation in the discussion.  Right after the global, regional IGF discussion it is important to create a path for participants to continue their discussion locally.  It is a reason we initiate local discussion platforms to try to build linkage with the regional IGF and we have created a toolkit as to how to host the Y IGF to see the local initiatives to happen in the region.
In answering the question why multistakeholders should be active and engaging in the process, it is more than happy to see youth initiate their own Y IGF however it is not successful without different stakeholder support.  For example for one IGF, one of the core elements of the AV IGF, but as I mentioned, the organizer of the event, steering the multistakeholder Steering Committee of APIGF.  Suggestions from the Steering Committee is useful to making some improvements in the process.  Meanwhile it is also showing that exploring the creation of the youth pattern in the existing in our eyes, it is another way out for organizing more and more Y IGF in the coming future.
A closing remark, I would like to share that empowering the next generation in the Internet Governance discussion should be of everyone concerned, it is great to see that it is more on youth initiative to allow the IGF, the youth IGF to be happening in the coming future.  It is not just a critical platform for the capsdy buildings of youth but also engaging youth directly in the discussion platform and making some new changes and active participation as part of the multistakeholders.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Next year, rather than going youth Asia-Pacific we'll exchange that, that will put you in the middle of the discussion instead.
In any case, our final speaker is from the  Youth LAC IGF.

>> LOUISE MARIE HUREL: I'm a representative of the Youth observatory and member of the Youth LAC IGF.  I'm excited to share some of our experiences in that organization which was the first initiative on Internet Governance aimed toward  Youth in Latin America and the Caribbean and our forum was undertaken on the 27th of July.
Youth LAC is an initiative made by the youth observatory made up of young people in Latin America interested in Internet topics that they develop an important rollover the past decades and within that role we need to create a space that includes a multistakeholder aspects to include all of the perspectives on the issues that we face every day in the Internet included in the  strategies that we have to promote participation I can say that the Agenda was defined by a public consulting process amongst young youth of our  area, they included infrastructure access, security, surveillance, and one interesting aspect was young people and governance.  We also  wanted the format of the event to be bird of feet temperatures promoting the horizontal nature and more active participation aimed at young people making up a panel that we see often in national and regional IGF fora.
The idea was to change the traditional structure of panels.  Thanks to the support of ICANN and Internet Society we were able to have a partial grant and bring in 13 grantees from Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the participation of multiple multistakeholders.
Moderators of sessions to men and women, we had the participation of 31 women and 36 men, more than 15 countries in the region were represented in the event.  The result of our call for the event was promoted through the Internet site and through YouTube observatory social media.  With this, we were able to have empowerment and active participation of young people in the region  hearing new voices that had have never before been heard related basically with the topic of multidiversity and multiculturalty from an ethnic point of view that we see so often in Latin America and had the Caribbean.
Thank you very much.  [Applause]

>> MAG Chair:  We're moving to the last session here.  There is no way to summarize how interesting all of these discussions have been.
A final point, on this panel alone by count, there are five current or serving MAG members or one or two MAG members that have just exited off a year ago.
I think that's great and it shows, you know, the complimentary Yan of the efforts and really allows us to reflect in both ways the work happening at a local level as it feeds the global and vice versa.  I want to thank everybody very much, I'll turn it back to A in.  Ja for the open mic session.

>> MODERATOR: On my behalf, thank you to this panel, they were useful and wonderful remarks that came from the respect respective communities of the NRIs and now if you agree we would give up to 15 minutes for the segment that's devoted to open mics.  If you could raise your hand and Marilyn is keeping the order here.

>> Igor, I'm a MAG member, a fabulous session.   I'm reporting back on a initiative in Poland, Poland IGF it appeared on the slide that was produced  , we're in the process of formation, we have two stakeholder groups that took the initiative to start the process with the government, with the governmental agencies and academia.  After hearing all of you, I'm so excited about the opportunities that have come up.   I see three major issues, first of all, making sure that we are multistakeholder and we have great experiences with that and the -- we have been running the multistakeholder model for the last three years, I Chaired that until now and I want to make sure we use that experience going forward.
Bottom-up approach, I think that's an amazing second task.
Elaborate with all of you.  I think that's -- elaborate with you, three take away items for me.   Thank you very much.  I look forward to seeing you next year.
-- colaberate


>> Thank you very much.  Thank you.  I would have liked to made my intervention in Arabic, but I will make it in French because there is no Arabic translation.  Madam, thank you!  Thank you!  Thank you all for the fantastic work you have carried out.   It is truly amazing.  All of the nations of the world and only one session!
My intervention regards the second part of the session, what concerns financing or financing resources of regional fora.
I completely share the ideas of the intervention from our colleague -- I don't remember her name -- the one representing the African Forum because she said that they have great difficulty in finding financing resources coming from operators -- Internet operators, access providers or -- or Internet service providers.  So I will present to you our case, a case concerning the Arab IGF and so as President of the Arab IGF -- I actually was President of the Arab IGF in 2015 and 2014 -- but Arab IGF started in 2012 with 80 participants in 2013 it was in algers with 150 participants and in 2014 we were up to 750 participants and in 2015 to 1,200.
How -- since we found with the Arab League and the United States, we managed to make an operator of telecommunications interested in the problems and the schemes of IGF.  This was a Lebanese operator,  OGENE TELECOM, in 2013 the strategic partner and in 2015 financed 80 to 85% of the total cost, including the construction of the website and the mobile application.
Why do I say this?  I say this that because for regional fora we must find, Madam, operators that are interested in the matters and problematic of Internet Governance even if they are telecom  operators.
They were telcom operators but they were interested in these Internet matters and in your activities.
If they're interested, then we must keep them nearby.
Thank you.
[Applause].


>> Very quickly, Harry brown, I'll speak as a representative of Civil Society and a contributor to the Arab IGF, I believe that the multistakeholder approach is not fully implemented as the rule of Civil Society is not properly recognized -- the role of -- we're not and never consulted on major decisions like the consultation of the IGF 2016, we don't know how, why, who is making these decisions.   Now I welcome what was said from the Arab League that there is an evaluation going on.  I call on all of the officials and other institutions who are in charge of the Arab IGF to give full recognition for the rule of Civil Society -- role of Civil Society as an equal partner and other Arab IGFs, without that, we won't get anywhere.  We are here to support the Arab IGF to modify it, to improve it, we're -- we're not enemies, we're trying to protect Human Rights, we're going to work hard to protect freedom and we have worked with them for so long, I believe strongly that the Arab IGF
should be a platform to protect freedom of -- the Arab association should support initiatives that give poor areas Internet, cheap Internet, provide the schools with free Internet, Internet is not just a commodity, Human Rights should be in the heart of the Internet.   There is no time, I stop here to give the opportunity for others.
[Applause].

>> Thank you.  I'm Braun from Malawawi, I wanted to share the experience we have had in our national IGF.
And to also allude to some of the experiences that have been shared with other national IGFs.
I feel like there is a lack of information that's actually provided to the regional IGF to build the capacity and we have talked about the issue of sources, funds to sort of hold the national IGF annually.  So we have also had the same situation which actually makes sense that we're not registered on the national -- in our website of the global IGF, so my proposal is that maybe if there can be sort of a guideline where the Secretariat is actually putting more effort to sort of communicate with the local IGFs and then giving them the tools, attending this IGF has actually allowed me to talk to various organizations that are also participating here and to tap into some of the efforts that they're doing within the region and sort of providing the funds, allowing the national IGFs to hold meetings and everything.  The local funding, the funding issue, I wouldn't say it is actually lack of resources, but I think lack of information that is provided within the community to say that if
you want the funds to allow you to hold your national IGF, this is the way you can go, this is the organization you can actually contact so if there can be a document that actually provides the Pointers to the national IGFs in terms of resource acquiring, that would be helpful.
Thank you.  I hope I was on time.

>> M. CADE: I'll see you later and explain where we are on that work so that we can get more  involved.

>> Thank you.  I'm Marcus Gumera speaking of the IGF Support Association.
This session confirmed once again the great variety of national regional IGF initiatives.  There is no one-size-fits-all and none of these  initiatives are one like the other.  It confirms also the saying good Internet Governance begins at home and it confirms what we the IGF Support Association believe in that's important to support the national, regional IGF initiatives.  Wet set up our association -- we set up our association to support and promote the national IGF and to support the regional, national IGF initiatives and we have membership and had try to collect funds and last year we were able to support 20 national and eight regional, subregional IGF initiatives.  We have flyers here and the map to show the ones we supported and please visit us at our booth and we would really enjoy it if you join us as a member, you would strengthen the movement and I think it is a win/win situation for everybody.
Thank you for your attention.
[Applause].

>> I'm zami from Tokyo.  My question goes to the panel, all the people.  What are the challenges, the head aches, for my own, being in Japan we have little actually of the IGF or the IG from mainstream organizations, businesses, governments as well as through Civil Society or citizens.
There is some gap of perception about the differences between the technical community and those who are more involved on a daily or their professions and the users or others who are not really involved and a huge gap.  These are the issues as well as it is mostly common in the Asia-Pacific.
What are your headaches?  How do we overcome that together?
Thank you.


>> M. CADE: We're not responding, but I will get the questions and come back to you.
Our last speaker, and then Chair, a short  summary, we have a remote speaker and then we have a very short summary of the key messages that you will then decide whether or not we're able to do.  We can display them.  We'll take this speaker, remote speaker, Chair, up to you whether we can review the key messages.

>> I'm samuel from Hong Kong and I'm speaking for the Hong Kong and AP region, it is my first time to participate and experience this global event.  I'm very excited.  I hope to share my view in promoting the IGF to the remote region because we have toolkits for all people to make their own IGF.  I guess it would be great for all people to be easier to get the right material for making IGF and I guess it would be great to have IGF to really experience the IGF to have -- to -- to raise their awareness in Internet Governance.  Yeah.  That's what I wanted to share.
Thank you.

[Applause].

>> Remote moderator:  I'm the founder and President of Internet society and IGF Pakistan, I organized three workshops on governance for Internet of kids, teenagers and youngsters for the same context recently formed youth IGF Pakistan as coordinator.  Our youth is more concerned on the privacy issues condemn the hate speech and the use of Internet for the study of everyone's personal life.  Behaviors and movement through most of the application tools and mobile apps.  We need secure, reliable, civilized global Internet accessible to everyone without any fear.  We need online safety and protection against common threats.  We suggest frequent interactive awareness sessions related to Internet Governance issues and policies and we're interested to participate at global and regional Forums but we have financial constraints.  Our small steps and little initiatives are mostly neglected.   We need unbiased recognition at global Forums.

That's it.
Thank you very much.

>> Thank you.

>> MODERATOR: Thank you for the excellent question and for all of the deserved complements you send to our colleagues.
We'll use this opportunity to announce on Friday there will be an important session, many questions that came from the floor now I think are suitable for the Friday session.  On the Friday session that will be on at 10:15 a.m., workshop room 9 we'll discuss what are the headaches, biggest challenges and how can the global IGF community, how they can be helped.  This session only proved we need the help, we need to work together as partners.  On Friday I'm inviting you all to join us in workshop room 9 and to discuss how can we work together on starting from 2016.
Thank you.

>> MAG Chair:  I think there was one more item.   A report out from the Rapporteurs.  I'm not sure I understood, Marilyn, what the -- most of you will know, I will stay here all night.  But I appreciate we have gone over time.  What was the recommendation?
Is the room willing to stay here for another 3 to 5 minutes to hear the sum of is the Rapporteurs who are working very hard for the last three hours to capture these points.

I frankly think there is very little harder than trying to summarize sessions like this that covered a variety of ground and efforts.
Chris dean is going to go first.

>> Christine:  I'm going to read part C which I have done this for and opening up the topic, the first and second topic.
The third topic was on reliable and sustainable topics, funding and fund-raising, it is identified as a main challenge for thirds in areas with small digital ecosystems and threatens the stability of existing NRIs by limiting intersessional activities and continuing the earlier event and delays the launch of the NRIs information.  This is true when funding sources, when they're depending on in kind contributions, they need to define funding  strategies and to create funding mechanisms with long term reliable funding although it may not be enough depending on the availability of the nations and the contributions.  You have to ensure that the multistakeholder process is not limited or effected in any way by financials for that it is important to maintain the neutrality, transparency and a multistakeholder nature of the funding mechanism.   Further the diversity of funding sources is important to avoid assumption of influence, government contributions were identified as
important and critical for NRI funding and to provide reliability and confidence, nevertheless there is a consistent need for the support from the private sector and need for collaboration of all stakeholders.  It is evident stronger engagement is increasing their appreciation for NRIs and dialogue space and hence their licensor willingness to support the NRIs where needed.  It is important for the benefit of arnold schwarzeneger to define their structure and rules through charter in order to secure funding commitments from the different stakeholders and it is more important to support wider participation to the NRIs rather than providing luxury events that could be achieved by directing funds more towards scholarships, remote participation, getting regions and cities rather than going to just capitals and also providing -- getting various sectors and parts ever society on board.  This could mean a more cost and it is not always easy to find local hosts.  Finally, there
is a need to maintain an increased funding sources such as the IGF SA and support provided by the IGF Secretariat.
In some cases, it could be good to align with relevant events and partner with them to decrease the cost and secure the presence of funders.
Thank you.


>> I'm going to read for topic A, access and enhancing opportunity for the unconnected and under connected.  The first is the process of the national dialogue IGF it is important to the development in the region, the foundation for the Internet Governance development to help with the dialogue and policy shaping and to the success and connectivity, the localization and content, it has a socioeconomic political and geographic diversity.  Three, the efforts to secure the stakeholders participation and sustain the momentum of Civil Society interest and private and public sector interest is hampered by issues of access, affordabledy and at role of the Internet Governance, enhancing opportunity for connecting the unconnected will identify for under connected groups such as women and Internet access with mobile technologies that will be seen as only a temporary solution because of the limitation it brings.

The changes need to have access to broadband which is not only available but also needs to be accessible in terms of practice.  The multistakeholder approach and also collaboration will increase to access and support each others.   More efforts are needed in the region for multistakeholder groups in terms of implementing IPv6, fiber opt ticks and other new technology like wide space.  Ouch
Digital literacy is a key of more efforts need to be made by all stakeholders in the region in terms of educating users and then topic B, several IGF initiatives, the Internet needs to be preserved as an open, secure, stable, resilient space, dialogue and collaboration among all stakeholder groups, governments, private sector, Technical Community, Civil Society is a key thing in addressing cybersecurity and cybersecurity changes and contributing to an open, stable, secure, trustworthy Internet ensuring the safety of the Internet users is a shared responsibility with governments and private sectors playing a key role, trust is key in the digital age, trust in using the Internet is something that needs to be built so that everybody including Persons with Disabilities marginalized can participate in the digital society.
Human Rights should be taken into account when devising policies aimed at enhancing trust and security on the Internet.  Education and abareness raising are key for enabling users to protect themselves online and content control policies undertaken by governments to deal with problematic content such as this needs to be proportional, users are often counterproductive, there should be no trade of privacy and security, the two shall be kept in balance.  The regulation is important in addressing the cybersecurity issues and it is not sufficient in itself and it is an important tool in protecting Human Rights online, the governments have different approaches towards the use of encryption tools, clarity and predictability is needed when it comes to the conditions and will allow enforcement and security and you can circumvent encryption, sharing events between security and Human Rights.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  We move to the next speaker and I want to point out that fantastic support that came running in from the volunteers to help, it is just showing the support we have gotten from everybody here in the local hosting country.  It is excellent.
Thank you.

>> Thank you.
I'm summing up on the last session.  I haven't had much time.  It is a very, very basic summary.   It should be quite quick.
This section was on challenges to create  awareness about Internet Governance at the national, regional level and why stakeholders should be actively engaging.  We heard from a variety of  models and it is true to say that there is no one-size-fits-all approach but there were  similarities from all of the speakers in front of you.  The key one seems to be the multistakeholder model, the key in setting the Agenda across pretty much all initiatives that were just spoken.  It helps to be outreached through networks to spread the news and spread the message of the IGF.  It allows the topics on the Agenda to make sure they're appealing to the region and to the nation and it helps with engagement of all stakeholders and means that the members of the Committee and speakers in national, regional IGFs Ambassadors to spread the word.  We also heard education and awareness raising is key through capacity building and also through youth engagement.
There is also opportunity for collaboration and linkages with other groups and Forums as well as engaging the regional, national network and through the global IGF.  We also heard initiatives need to continually develop, not resting on their Laurels and outreach strategy is needed and continual effort is needed to continue to grow.  An end point is not fixed, there is continual involvement and  inprove.Needed.
-- improvement needed.  .
Online participation, innovative formats, social media, engagement with journalists is needed to appeal to new people and to continue to spread the word.
You also need to have outputs and effects of the discussions.  People will not participate if they do not see the effect of the discussions.
This can vary from producing outputs and -- outputs and recommendations or to linking with national and policy making.

There is also a key message that it is not a  one--off event, engagement is needed through the process.
Thank you.
[Applause].

>> MAG Chair:  Was that the end of the  Rapporteurs?
I think it is time to close.  I think we're going to invite all the panelists and the organizers of the session up on the stage for a picture.The only thing that remains after that, of course, is to thank the interpreters for staying late with great appreciation, it really helped us round the whole picture out nicely.
[Applause].
We have to thank the moderators and Rapporteurs as well.

>> [Applause].

>> Anja and Marilyn for their great support.
[Applause].  Most of all, the NRIs themselves all of the panelists and speakers and certainly everybody here who hung in here for this late session.
Thank you very much.  
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